Inyuma y'imodoka ya LiDAR
Kuva mu 2015 kugeza mu 2020, igihugu cyashyizeho politiki nyinshi zijyanye nacyo, zibanda kuibinyabiziga bifite ubwenge bihujwe' na 'ibinyabiziga byigengaMu ntangiriro za 2020, Igihugu cyashyizeho gahunda ebyiri: Ingamba zo Guhanga no Guteza Imbere Ibinyabiziga by’Ubwenge n’Igenamigambi ry’Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutwara Ibinyabiziga, kugira ngo hasobanurwe neza aho bigeze n’icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza ry’ibinyabiziga byigenga.
Yole Development, ikigo cy’ubujyanama ku isi, cyasohoye raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku nganda ijyanye na 'Lidar for Automotive and Industrial Applications', ivuga ko isoko rya lidar mu rwego rw’imodoka rishobora kugera kuri miliyari 5.7 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2026, biteganijwe ko igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ubukungu ku mwaka gishobora kwiyongera kikagera ku kigero kirenga 21% mu myaka itanu iri imbere.
Automotive LiDAR ni iki?
LiDAR, mu magambo ahinnye avuga ko "Light Detection and Ranging", ni ikoranabuhanga ryahinduye urwego rw'imodoka, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'imodoka zigenga. Ikora mu gutanga imirasire y'urumuri—ubusanzwe iva muri laser—igana ku ntego no gupima igihe bifata kugira ngo urumuri rusubire kuri sensor. Aya makuru akoreshwa mu gukora amakarita arambuye y'ibidukikije bikikije imodoka.
Sisitemu za LiDAR zizwiho ubuhanga bwazo bwo kumenya ibintu neza kandi zigakoresha neza cyane, bigatuma ziba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwikora. Bitandukanye na kamera zishingikiriza ku rumuri rugaragara kandi zishobora guhangana n'ibihe bimwe na bimwe nko ku rumuri ruto cyangwa izuba ritaziguye, sensor za LiDAR zitanga amakuru yizewe mu bihe bitandukanye by'urumuri n'ikirere. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwa LiDAR bwo gupima intera neza butuma umuntu abona ibintu neza, ingano yabyo, ndetse n'umuvuduko wabyo, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu guhangana n'ibibazo bigoye byo gutwara.
Imbonerahamwe y'Ihame ry'Imikorere ya LiDAR
Porogaramu za LiDAR mu buryo bwikora:
Ikoranabuhanga rya LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) mu nganda z'imodoka ryibanda cyane cyane ku kunoza umutekano w'ibinyabiziga no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga. Ikoranabuhanga ryayo ry'ingenzi,Igihe cy'urugendo rw'indege (ToF), ikora binyuze mu gutanga imivuduko ya laser no kubara igihe bifata kugira ngo iyo mivuduko igaragare inyuma uhereye ku mbogamizi. Ubu buryo butanga amakuru nyayo cyane ya "point cloud", ashobora gukora amakarita arambuye y'ibidukikije bikikije imodoka mu buryo burambuye ku rwego rwa santimetero, agatanga ubushobozi bwo kumenya ahantu imodoka ziherereye neza cyane.
Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya LiDAR mu rwego rw'imodoka ryibanda cyane cyane ku bintu bikurikira:
Sisitemu zo gutwara zigenga:LiDAR ni imwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rwo gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora. Imenya neza ibidukikije bikikije imodoka, harimo n'ibindi binyabiziga, abanyamaguru, ibimenyetso byo mu muhanda, n'imiterere y'umuhanda, bityo igafasha sisitemu zo gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora mu gufata ibyemezo byihuse kandi biboneye.
Sisitemu zigezweho zo gufasha abashoferi (ADAS):Mu rwego rwo gufasha abashoferi, LiDAR ikoreshwa mu kunoza uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano w'imodoka, harimo kugenzura ingendo zo mu bwato, gufunga feri mu gihe cy'impanuka, kumenya abanyamaguru, no kwirinda inzitizi.
Uburyo imodoka zigenda n'aho ziherereye:Amakarita ya 3D afite ubuhanga bwo hejuru yakozwe na LiDAR ashobora kongera cyane uburyo ibinyabiziga bihagaze neza, cyane cyane mu mijyi aho ibimenyetso bya GPS ari bike.
Gukurikirana no gucunga ibinyabiziga:LiDAR ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura no gusesengura urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka, igafasha sisitemu y'urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka mu kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibimenyetso no kugabanya umubyigano w'imodoka.
Ku bijyanye no kumenya kure, gushakisha ahantu hatandukanye, gukora automation na DTS, nibindi.
Ukeneye inama ku buntu?
Icyerekezo cy'imodoka LiDAR
1. LiDAR Miniaturization
Igitekerezo gakondo cy’inganda zitwara imodoka kivuga ko imodoka zigenga zidakwiye gutandukana mu buryo bugaragara n’izisanzwe kugira ngo zikomeze kwishimisha no gukora neza mu kirere. Iyi myumvire yatumye habaho uburyo bwo gukora buhoro buhoro bwa sisitemu za LiDAR. Igitekerezo cy’ejo hazaza ni uko LiDAR iba nto bihagije kugira ngo ihuzwe neza n’umubiri w’imodoka. Ibi bivuze kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ibice bizenguruka, impinduka ijyanye n’uko inganda zigenda buhoro buhoro ziva ku nyubako za laser zigezweho zigana ku bisubizo bya LiDAR bihamye. LiDAR ihamye, idafite ibice bigenda, itanga igisubizo gito, cyizewe, kandi kirambye gihuye neza n’ibisabwa mu bwiza no mu mikorere y’imodoka zigezweho.
2. Ibisubizo bya LiDAR byashyizwemo
Kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara imodoka rigenda ritera imbere mu myaka ya vuba aha, bamwe mu bakora LiDAR batangiye gukorana n'abatanga ibikoresho by'imodoka kugira ngo bateze imbere ibisubizo bihuza LiDAR n'ibice by'imodoka, nk'amatara y'imodoka. Uku guhuza ntabwo gusa bigamije guhisha sisitemu za LiDAR, bigakomeza ubwiza bw'imodoka, ahubwo binakoresha uburyo bwo gushyiramo ibintu mu buryo bunoze kugira ngo LiDAR ibone neza kandi ikore neza. Ku modoka zitwara abagenzi, zimwe mu nshingano za sisitemu zo gufasha abashoferi (ADAS) zisaba LiDAR kwibanda ku nguni runaka aho gutanga ishusho ya 360°. Ariko, kugira ngo urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubwigenga, nk'urwego rwa 4, kwita ku mutekano bisaba ko habaho ishusho ya 360° itambitse. Ibi byitezwe ko bizatuma habaho imiterere myinshi ishyigikira ko imodoka ikwirakwira neza.
3.Kugabanya Ikiguzi
Uko ikoranabuhanga rya LiDAR rigenda rikura n'umusaruro ugabanuka, ibiciro biragabanuka, bigatuma bishoboka gushyira izi sisitemu mu bwoko bwagutse bw'imodoka, harimo n'izikoresha imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa "mid-range models". Iyi gahunda yo kwegereza ikoranabuhanga rya LiDAR demokarasi byitezwe ko izakwihutisha ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bigezweho byo gutwara imodoka mu mutekano no mu bwikorezi ku isoko ry'imodoka.
LIDARs ziri ku isoko muri iki gihe zigizwe ahanini na 905nm na 1550nm/1535nm LIDARs, ariko ku bijyanye n'igiciro, 905nm ifite akarusho.
· 905nm LiDARMuri rusange, sisitemu za LiDAR za 905nm zirahendutse bitewe n'uko ibice bihari cyane ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukora bugezweho bujyanye n'ubu buryo bw'uburebure. Iyi nyungu y'igiciro ituma LiDAR ya 905nm ikurura abantu aho umutekano w'amaso n'ubwiza bw'ingufu bidakomeye cyane.
· 1550/1535nm LiDAR: Ibice bya sisitemu ya 1550/1535nm, nka lazeri na detectors, bikunze kuba bihenze cyane, kimwe mu bituma ikoranabuhanga ritakwirakwira cyane kandi ibice byabyo bikaba bigoye cyane. Ariko, inyungu mu bijyanye n'umutekano n'imikorere bishobora gutuma habaho ikiguzi kinini ku bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane mu gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwikora aho kumenya no kwirinda imodoka mu ntera ndende ari byo by'ingenzi.
[Ihuza:Soma byinshi ku bijyanye no kugereranya hagati ya 905nm na 1550nm/1535nm LiDAR]
4. Kongera umutekano no kunoza ADAS
Ikoranabuhanga rya LiDAR ryongera cyane imikorere ya Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), riha imodoka ubushobozi bwo gupima neza ibidukikije. Ubu buryo bunoze bunoza imikorere y’umutekano nko kwirinda impanuka, kumenya abanyamaguru, no kugenzura ingendo zo mu bwato, bigatera inganda kugera ku kugera ku gutwara imodoka mu buryo bwigenga.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Mu binyabiziga, sensor za LIDAR zisohora urumuri ruguruka ku bintu rugasubira kuri sensor. Igihe bifata kugira ngo impumuro zigaruke ni cyo gikoreshwa mu kubara intera iri hagati y’ibintu. Aya makuru afasha mu gukora ikarita irambuye ya 3D y’ibikikije ikinyabiziga.
Sisitemu isanzwe ya LIDAR y'imodoka igizwe na laser yo gutanga urumuri, scanner na optique byo kuyobora urusaku, icyuma gipima urumuri gifata urumuri rugaragara, n'icyuma gitunganya amakuru kugira ngo gisesengure amakuru no gukora ishusho ya 3D y'ibidukikije.
Yego, LIDAR ishobora kumenya ibintu bigenda. Mu gupima impinduka mu mwanya w'ibintu uko igihe kigenda, LIDAR ishobora kubara umuvuduko wabyo n'inzira yabyo.
LIDAR yashyizwe muri sisitemu y’umutekano w’ibinyabiziga kugira ngo yongere imikorere nko kugenzura ingendo zo mu mazi zihindagurika, kwirinda impanuka, no kumenya abanyamaguru binyuze mu gutanga ibipimo nyabyo kandi byizewe by’intera no kumenya ibintu.
Iterambere rikomeje mu ikoranabuhanga rya LIDAR ry’imodoka ririmo kugabanya ingano n’ikiguzi cya sisitemu za LIDAR, kongera ingano yazo n’ubushobozi bwazo, no kuzihuza neza mu miterere n’imikorere y’imodoka.
Laser ya 1.5μm pulsed fiber ni ubwoko bw'isoko ya laser ikoreshwa muri sisitemu za LIDAR z'imodoka itanga urumuri ku bunini bwa mikorometero 1.5 (μm). Ikora imirasire migufi y'urumuri rwa infrared rukoreshwa mu gupima intera binyuze mu gukurura ibintu no kugaruka kuri sensor ya LIDAR.
Uburebure bwa 1.5μm bukoreshwa kuko butanga uburinganire bwiza hagati y’umutekano w’amaso n’ubwinjirire bw’ikirere. Imirasire ya lazeri muri ubu burebure ntabwo ishobora kwangiza amaso y’abantu kurusha iyo isohora ku burebure bugufi bw’uburebure kandi ishobora gukora neza mu bihe bitandukanye by’ikirere.
Nubwo laser za 1.5μm zikora neza kurusha urumuri rugaragara mu gihe cy'ibihu n'imvura, ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwinjira mu nzitizi zo mu kirere buracyari buke. Mu gihe cy'ikirere kibi muri rusange, imikorere yazo iruta laser za wavelength ngufi ariko ntabwo igira akamaro nk'amahitamo y'uburebure bw'uwavelength.
Nubwo laser za 1.5μm zikoresha fiber zigendanwa zishobora kongera ikiguzi cya sisitemu za LIDAR bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ryazo rigezweho, iterambere mu nganda no mu bukungu bw'inganda ryitezweho kugabanya ikiguzi uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibyiza byazo mu bijyanye n'imikorere n'umutekano bifatwa nk'impamvu y'ishoramari. Imikorere myiza n'umutekano wongerewe bitangwa na laser za 1.5μm zikoresha fiber zigendanwa bituma ziba ishoramari rikwiye ku sisitemu za LIDAR zikoresha imodoka..