Imodoka LiDAR Amavu n'amavuko
Kuva mu 2015 kugeza 2020, igihugu cyasohoye politiki nyinshi zijyanye nacyo, cyibanda kuri 'ibinyabiziga bihujwe n'ubwenge'na'ibinyabiziga byigenga'. Mu ntangiriro za 2020, Igihugu cyasohoye gahunda ebyiri: Intelligent Vehicle Innovation and Strategy Strategy hamwe na Automobile Driving Automation Classification, kugirango isobanure aho ingamba zifatika nicyerekezo cyiterambere kizaza cyo gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga.
Yole Development, ikigo ngishwanama ku isi hose, yasohoye raporo y’ubushakashatsi mu nganda ijyanye na 'Lidar for Automotive and Industrial Applications', yavuze ko isoko rya lidar mu murima wa Automotive rishobora kugera kuri miliyari 5.7 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2026, biteganijwe ko buri mwaka umuvuduko wubwiyongere ushobora kwaguka kugera kuri 21% mumyaka itanu iri imbere.
Imodoka LiDAR ni iki?
LiDAR, ngufi kuri Light Detection na Ranging, ni tekinoroji ya revolution yahinduye inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, cyane cyane mubice byimodoka yigenga. Irakora mu gusohora urumuri rwumucyo - mubisanzwe ruva kuri lazeri - rugana ku ntego no gupima igihe bifata kugirango urumuri rusubire kuri sensor. Aya makuru noneho akoreshwa mugukora ibisobanuro birambuye byikarita-itatu yibidukikije bikikije imodoka.
Sisitemu ya LiDAR izwiho ubuhanga n'ubushobozi bwo gutahura ibintu bifite ubunyangamugayo buhanitse, bigatuma iba igikoresho cyingirakamaro mu gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga. Bitandukanye na kamera zishingiye kumucyo ugaragara kandi zishobora guhangana mubihe bimwe nkumucyo muke cyangwa urumuri rwizuba, ibyuma bya sensor ya LiDAR bitanga amakuru yizewe mumucyo itandukanye nikirere. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwa LiDAR bwo gupima intera ituma habaho kumenya neza ibintu, ingano yabyo, ndetse n'umuvuduko wabo, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa mu kugendana ibintu bigoye.
Imbonerahamwe y'akazi ya LiDAR
Porogaramu ya LiDAR muri Automation:
Ikoranabuhanga rya LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) mu nganda z’imodoka ryibanda cyane cyane mu kongera umutekano wo gutwara no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryigenga. Ikoranabuhanga ryibanze,Igihe cyo Guhaguruka (ToF), ikora mukurekura laser pulses no kubara igihe bifata kugirango izo puls zigaragare inyuma zinzitizi. Ubu buryo butanga amakuru yukuri "point igicu", arashobora gukora amakarita arambuye yibice bitatu byibidukikije bikikije ikinyabiziga gifite santimetero zuzuye, bitanga ubushobozi bwihariye bwo kumenyekanisha ibinyabiziga.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya LiDAR murwego rwimodoka yibanda cyane mubice bikurikira:
Sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga yigenga:LiDAR ni bumwe mu buhanga bw'ingenzi bwo kugera ku ntera igezweho yo gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga. Irabona neza ibidukikije bikikije ikinyabiziga, harimo izindi modoka, abanyamaguru, ibyapa byumuhanda, hamwe nuburyo umuhanda umeze, bityo bigafasha sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga gufata ibyemezo byihuse kandi byukuri.
Sisitemu yo Gufasha Abashoferi Bambere (ADAS):Mu rwego rwo gufasha abashoferi, LiDAR ikoreshwa mugutezimbere umutekano wibinyabiziga, harimo kugenzura imiterere yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, gufata feri yihutirwa, gutahura abanyamaguru, n'imikorere yo kwirinda inzitizi.
Kugenda kw'ibinyabiziga no guhagarara:Ikarita ya 3D yuzuye neza yakozwe na LiDAR irashobora kuzamura cyane ibinyabiziga bihagaze neza, cyane cyane mumijyi aho ibimenyetso bya GPS bigarukira.
Gukurikirana ibinyabiziga no gucunga:LiDAR irashobora gukoreshwa mugukurikirana no gusesengura imigendekere yimodoka, gufasha sisitemu yumuhanda mumujyi mugutezimbere kugenzura ibimenyetso no kugabanya ubukana.
Kubyumva kure, gushakisha, Automation na DTS, nibindi.
Ukeneye kugirwa inama kubuntu?
Inzira Kugana Imodoka LiDAR
1. LiDAR Miniaturisation
Inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga gakondo zivuga ko ibinyabiziga byigenga bitagomba gutandukana mumiterere yimodoka zisanzwe kugirango bikomeze kwinezeza no gutwara indege neza. Iyi myumvire yatumye inzira iganisha kuri sisitemu ya LiDAR. Icyerekezo cyizaza nuko LiDAR iba nto bihagije kugirango yinjizwe mumubiri wikinyabiziga. Ibi bivuze kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho ibice bizunguruka, guhinduranya bihuza ninganda kugenda buhoro buhoro biva mubikorwa bya laser bigana ibisubizo bikomeye bya LiDAR. LiDAR-ikomeye cyane, idafite ibice byimuka, itanga igisubizo cyoroshye, cyizewe, kandi kirambye gihuye neza nibisabwa muburyo bwiza kandi bukenewe bwibinyabiziga bigezweho.
2. Ibisubizo bya LiDAR
Nkuko tekinoroji yigenga yo gutwara yateye imbere mumyaka yashize, bamwe mubakora LiDAR batangiye gufatanya nabatanga ibinyabiziga kugirango bategure ibisubizo bihuza LiDAR mubice byimodoka, nkamatara. Uku kwishyira hamwe ntigukora gusa guhisha sisitemu ya LiDAR, kugumana ubwiza bwimodoka, ariko kandi ikoresha uburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo kunoza uburyo LiDAR ibona ndetse nimikorere. Ku binyabiziga bitwara abagenzi, ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe bigezweho byo gufasha abashoferi (ADAS) bisaba LiDAR kwibanda kumpande zihariye aho gutanga 360 ° kureba. Nyamara, kurwego rwo hejuru rwubwigenge, nkurwego rwa 4, gutekereza kumutekano bisaba umurongo wa 360 ° utambitse. Ibi byitezwe ko biganisha ku bice byinshi byerekana neza ibinyabiziga.
3.Kugabanya ibiciro
Mugihe tekinoroji ya LiDAR ikuze nubunini bwumusaruro, ibiciro biragenda bigabanuka, kuburyo bishoboka kwinjiza ubwo buryo mumodoka yagutse, harimo na moderi yo hagati. Uku demokarasi ya tekinoroji ya LiDAR biteganijwe ko byihutisha iyemezwa ry’umutekano wambere hamwe n’ibinyabiziga byigenga ku isoko ry’imodoka.
LIDAR ku isoko uyumunsi ahanini ni 905nm na 1550nm / 1535nm LIDARs, ariko kubijyanye nigiciro, 905nm ifite akarusho.
· 905nm LiDAR: Mubisanzwe, 905nm sisitemu ya LiDAR ntabwo ihenze cyane kubera kuboneka kwinshi kwibigize hamwe nuburyo bukuze bwo gukora bujyanye nubu burebure. Inyungu yikiguzi ituma 905nm LiDAR ikurura porogaramu aho urwego n'umutekano w'amaso bidakomeye.
· 1550/1535nm LiDAR: Ibigize sisitemu ya 1550 / 1535nm, nka laseri na disiketi, usanga bihenze cyane, igice kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ridakwirakwira kandi ibice biraruhije. Nyamara, inyungu mubijyanye numutekano nigikorwa zishobora kwerekana igiciro cyinshi kubisabwa bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane mu gutwara ibinyabiziga byigenga aho kumenya intera ndende n’umutekano aribyo byingenzi.
[Ihuza:Soma Byinshi kubyerekeye kugereranya hagati ya 905nm na 1550nm / 1535nm LiDAR]
4. Kongera umutekano hamwe na ADAS yazamuye
Ikoranabuhanga rya LiDAR ryongera cyane imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga igezweho (ADAS), itanga ibinyabiziga bifite ubushobozi bwo gushushanya ibidukikije neza. Ubu busobanuro butezimbere umutekano wumutekano nko kwirinda kugongana, gutahura abanyamaguru, no kugenzura ubwato bwihuse, bigatuma inganda zegereza kugera kubinyabiziga byigenga byuzuye.
Ibibazo
Mu binyabiziga, ibyuma bya LIDAR bisohora impanuka zoroheje zisubiza ibintu hanyuma zigasubira kuri sensor. Igihe bifata kugirango pulses zigaruke zikoreshwa mukubara intera kubintu. Aya makuru afasha gukora ikarita ya 3D irambuye yikinyabiziga.
Sisitemu isanzwe yimodoka LIDAR igizwe na lazeri kugirango isohore urumuri rwumucyo, scaneri na optique yo kuyobora impiswi, fotodetector kugirango ifate urumuri rwerekanwe, hamwe nishami rishinzwe gutunganya amakuru no gukora 3D igaragaza ibidukikije.
Nibyo, LIDAR irashobora kumenya ibintu byimuka. Mugupima impinduka mumwanya wibintu mugihe, LIDAR irashobora kubara umuvuduko wabo ninzira.
LIDAR yinjijwe muri sisitemu yumutekano wibinyabiziga kugirango itezimbere ibintu nko kugenzura imiterere yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, kwirinda kugongana, no gutahura abanyamaguru itanga ibipimo nyabyo kandi byizewe no kumenya ibintu.
Iterambere rigikomeza mu ikoranabuhanga rya LIDAR ririmo kugabanya ingano nigiciro cya sisitemu ya LIDAR, kongera intera no gukemura, no kubishyira hamwe muburyo bwimiterere yimodoka.
1.5μm pulsed fibre laser ni ubwoko bwisoko ya laser ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya LIDAR yimodoka itanga urumuri kumuraba wa micrometero 1.5 (μm). Itanga impiswi ngufi zumucyo utarakoreshwa mugupima intera mugusunika ibintu hanyuma ugasubira kuri sensor ya LIDAR.
Uburebure bwa 1.5μm burakoreshwa kuko butanga uburinganire bwiza hagati yumutekano wamaso no kwinjira mu kirere. Lazeri muri ubu burebure ntibishobora guteza ingaruka mbi kumaso yumuntu kuruta izisohora uburebure buke kandi birashobora gukora neza mubihe bitandukanye.
Mugihe lazeri 1.5μm ikora neza kuruta urumuri rugaragara mu gihu n’imvura, ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwinjira mu mbogamizi zo mu kirere buracyari buke. Imikorere mubihe bibi byikirere muri rusange ni byiza kuruta lazeri ngufi ya lazeri ariko ntabwo ikora neza nkigihe kirekire.
Mugihe 1.5μm pulsed fibre fibre irashobora kubanza kongera igiciro cya sisitemu ya LIDAR bitewe nubuhanga bwabo buhanitse, iterambere mubikorwa ninganda zubukungu byitezwe kugabanya ibiciro mugihe. Inyungu zabo mubijyanye nimikorere numutekano bibonwa nkibishimangira ishoramari.Imikorere isumba izindi hamwe n’umutekano wongerewe umutekano utangwa na 1.5μm pulsed fibre fibre ituma bashora imari muri sisitemu ya LIDAR yimodoka..