Mu rwego rwo kunoza urwego rw’amakuru yerekeye imiterere y’ikirere hagamijwe kunoza no gukoresha neza, lazeri za fibre za 1.5 μ m zirimo kuba imbaraga nyamukuru mu iterambere ry’isoko mu nzego ebyiri z’ingenzi zo gupima ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote n’ibikoreshwa mu ntoki, bitewe n’uko zihuye cyane n’ibisabwa aho hantu. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ibikoresho nko gupima ahantu hagufi no gupima byihutirwa hakoreshejwe indege zitagira abapilote, ndetse no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima mu ntoki kugira ngo birusheho kunoza no gutwara ibintu, ingano y’isoko ku isi ya lazeri za fibre za 1.5 μ m zo gupima yarenze miliyari 1.2 z’amayuani mu 2024, aho ikiguzi cy’ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote n’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu ntoki kirenga 60% by’ibiteranyo byose, kandi kigakomeza kwiyongera kwa 8.2% buri mwaka. Inyuma y’iri zamuka ry’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe hari itandukaniro ryiza hagati y’imikorere yihariye y’umurongo wa 1.5 μ m n’ibisabwa bikomeye byo kunoza, umutekano, no guhuza ibidukikije mu buryo bufatika mu bushakashatsi.
1, Incamake y'ibicuruzwa
"1.5um Fiber Laser Series" ya Lumispot ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya MOPA amplification, rifite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhindura amashanyarazi, ingano nto ya ASE n'urusaku rudahuje n'umurongo, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukora, bigatuma rikoreshwa nk'isoko y'ibyuka bya laser ya LiDAR. Mu buryo bwo gupima nka LiDAR na LiDAR, laser ya fiber ya 1.5 μ m ikoreshwa nk'isoko y'urumuri, kandi ibipimo by'imikorere yayo bigena "ukuri" n' "ubugari" bwo gupima. Imikorere y'ibi bipimo bibiri ifitanye isano itaziguye n'imikorere n'ubwizerwe bw'imodoka zitagira abapilote mu gupima ubutaka, kumenya intego, kugenzura umurongo w'amashanyarazi n'ibindi bintu. Ukurikije amategeko agenga uburyo bwo gupima ibimenyetso n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ibimenyetso, ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi by'imbaraga zo hejuru, ubugari bw'amajwi, n'ubudahangarwa bw'uburebure bw'umurambararo ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo kumenya no kugereranya. Uburyo bwo gukora bushobora guhindurwa binyuze mu ruhererekane rwose rw' "uburyo bwo kwakira ibimenyetso mu kirere".
2, Ahantu ho Gukoresha Porogaramu
Mu rwego rwo gupima no gupima ikirere kidakoreshejwe umushoferi, icyifuzo cya laser za fibre za 1.5 μ m cyariyongereye cyane bitewe n’uko zigaragaza neza aho ububabare bugarukira mu bikorwa byo mu kirere. Urubuga rw’imodoka zidakoreshejwe umushoferi rufite imbogamizi zikomeye ku bunini, uburemere, n’ingufu zikoreshwa n’umutwaro, mu gihe imiterere y’imiterere y’icyuma cya fibre ya 1.5 μ m bishobora gukanda uburemere bwa sisitemu ya radar ya laser kugeza kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibikoresho gakondo, bigahuza neza n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’imodoka zidakoreshejwe umushoferi nka multi rotor na fixed bag. Icy’ingenzi kurushaho, iyi band iri mu "dirishya rya zahabu" ry’ikirere. Ugereranyije na laser ya 905nm ikoreshwa cyane, kugabanuka kwayo ku gipimo cyo gutwara ibintu kugabanukaho ibirenze 40% mu bihe bigoye by’ikirere nk’ibicu n’umukungugu. Ifite imbaraga nyinshi zigera kuri kW, ishobora kugera ku ntera irenga metero 250 ku ntego zifite reflectivity ya 10%, ikemura ikibazo cy’ "kudashobora kubona neza no gupima intera" ku modoka zidakoreshejwe umushoferi mu gihe cy’ubushakashatsi mu turere tw’imisozi, mu butayu no mu tundi turere. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere yayo myiza cyane mu kurinda amaso y’umuntu - ituma imbaraga zayo zo hejuru zikuba inshuro zirenga 10 z’ingufu za laser ya 905nm - zituma indege zitagira abapilote zishobora gukora ahantu hagufi hatabayeho izindi mashini zo kurinda umutekano, bikongera cyane umutekano n’ubushobozi bw’ahantu hatuwe n’abantu nko gupima imijyi no gupima amakarita y’ubuhinzi.
Mu rwego rwo gupima no gupima hakoreshejwe intoki, kwiyongera k'ubusabe bwa laser za fibre za 1.5 μ m bifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ibikenewe cyane mu gutwara ibikoresho no gukora neza cyane. Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gupima hakoreshejwe intoki bigomba kuringaniza ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'ahantu hagoye no koroshya imikorere. Urusaku ruto n'ubwiza bw'urumuri rwa laser za fibre za 1.5 μ m bituma scanner zikoreshwa mu minwe zigera ku buziranenge bwo gupima urwego rwa mikorometero, zigahura n'ibisabwa mu buryo bunonosoye nko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw'umuco no kumenya ibice by'inganda. Ugereranyije na laser za 1.064 μ m zisanzwe, ubushobozi bwazo bwo kurwanya ingaruka burushaho kwiyongera mu kirere gikomeye cyo hanze. Hamwe n'imiterere yo gupima idahuye n'aho ikora, ishobora kubona vuba amakuru y'ibicu by'ibice bitatu mu bihe nk'aho inyubako za kera zisana n'ahantu ho gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka, hatabayeho gukorerwa isuzuma ry'intego mbere yo kuyitunganya. Igishimishije kurushaho ni uko imiterere yayo nto yo gupakira ishobora gushyirwa mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu minwe bipima garama zitarenze 500, bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi kuva kuri -30 ℃ kugeza + 60 ℃, bigahura neza n'ibikenewe mu bikorwa bitandukanye nko gupima mu murima no kugenzura amahugurwa.
Ukurikije uruhare rwayo rw'ingenzi, laser za fibre za 1.5 μ m zabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kuvugurura ubushobozi bwo gupima. Mu gupima ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote, ikora nk' "umutima" wa radar ya laser, igera ku rwego rwa santimetero 45 binyuze mu gusohora kwa nanosecond, itanga amakuru y'ibicu by'ubucucike bwinshi bwo gushushanya imiterere ya 3D ku butaka no gupima ibintu by'amahanga ku murongo w'amashanyarazi, kandi inongera imikorere y'isuzuma ry'ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote ku nshuro zirenga eshatu ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo; Mu rwego rwo gupima ubutaka ku rwego rw'igihugu, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gupima kure bushobora kugera ku gupima neza kilometero kare 10 kuri buri rugendo, amakosa y'amakuru akagenzurwa muri santimetero 5. Mu rwego rwo gupima mu ntoki, iha ibikoresho ubushobozi bwo kugera ku bunararibonye bwo "gusesengura no kubona" mu mikorere: mu kurinda umurage w'umuco, ishobora gufata neza imiterere y'ubuso bw'ibisigazwa by'umuco no gutanga moderi za 3D zo ku rwego rwa milimetero zo kubika mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga; Mu buhanga bwo gusubira inyuma, amakuru ya geometrike y'ibice bigoye ashobora kuboneka vuba, yihutisha ihinduka ry'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa; Mu gupima no gupima amakuru mu buryo bwihutirwa, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, icyitegererezo cy'ahantu habaye ikibazo gishobora gukorwa mu isaha imwe nyuma y'uko imitingito, imyuzure, n'ibindi biza bibaye, bigatanga ubufasha bw'ingenzi mu gufata ibyemezo byo gutabara. Kuva ku bushakashatsi bunini bwo mu kirere kugeza ku gusuzuma neza ubutaka, laser ya fiber ya 1.5 μ m irimo gutera inganda zikora ubushakashatsi mu gihe gishya cy' "ubuhanga bwo hejuru + imikorere myiza".
3, Ibyiza by'ingenzi
Ishingiro ry'urwego rwo kumenya ni intera iri kure cyane aho fotoni zitangwa na laser zishobora gutsinda ikirere gihindagurika n'igihombo cyo kugarura urumuri, kandi zigafatwa n'impande zikira nk'ibimenyetso bifatika. Ibipimo bikurikira bya laser ifite source nziza ya 1.5 μ m fiber laser ni byo byiganje muri iki gikorwa:
① Ingufu z'umuvuduko (kW): 3kW@3ns & 100kHz; Igicuruzwa cyavuguruwe 8kW@3ns & 100kHz ni "imbaraga y'ingenzi" y'urwego rwo gutahura, ihagarariye ingufu z'ako kanya zirekurwa na laser mu gihe cy'ingufu imwe, kandi ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kigena imbaraga z'ibimenyetso birebire. Mu gutahura indege zitagira abapilote, fotoni zigomba kugenda metero amagana cyangwa ibihumbi mu kirere, bishobora gutuma habaho gutinda bitewe no gukwirakwira kwa Rayleigh no kwinjiza aerosol (nubwo umugozi wa 1.5 μ m ari uw'"idirishya ry'ikirere", haracyariho gutinda). Muri icyo gihe, kugaragara kw'ubuso bw'ikintu (nk'itandukaniro mu bimera, ibyuma, n'amabuye) nabyo bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bitakaza agaciro. Iyo imbaraga z'agahebuzo zongewe, ndetse na nyuma yo kugabanya intera ndende no kubura urumuri, umubare wa fotoni zigera ku mpera y'aho zigarukiye ushobora kugera ku "mubare w'urusaku hagati y'ibimenyetso", bityo wongera urugero rw'igenzura - urugero, wongera imbaraga z'agahebuzo za laser ya fiber ya 1.5 μ m kuva kuri 1kW kugera kuri 5kW, mu gihe cy'ikirere kimwe, urugero rw'igenzura rya 10% ry'igenzura rushobora kwaguka kuva kuri metero 200 kugeza kuri metero 350, bigakemura neza ikibazo cyo "kudashobora gupima kure" mu bushakashatsi bunini nko mu turere tw'imisozi no mu butayu bw'indege zitagira abapilote.
② Ubugari bwa Pulse (ns): bushobora guhindurwa kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 10ns. Igicuruzwa gisanzwe gifite ubushyuhe bwuzuye (-40 ~ 85 ℃) ubugari bwa pulse bugera kuri ≤ 0.5ns; byongeye kandi, gishobora kugera ku bushyuhe bwuzuye (-40 ~ 85 ℃) ubugari bwa pulse bugera kuri ≤ 0.2ns. Iki kimenyetso ni "igipimo cy'igihe" cy'ubuziranenge bw'intera, kigaragaza igihe cy'imivuduko ya laser. Ihame ryo kubara intera yo kumenya drone ni "intera = (umuvuduko woroheje x igihe cyo gusubira inyuma) / 2", bityo ubugari bwa pulse bugena "ubuziranenge bwo gupima igihe". Iyo ubugari bwa pulse bugabanutse, "ubukana bw'igihe" cy'imivuduko buriyongera, kandi ikosa ry'igihe hagati y' "igihe cyo gusohora pulse" n' "igihe cyo kwakira pulse cyagaragajwe" ku mpera yo kwakira rizagabanuka cyane.
③ Guhagarara kw'uburebure bw'umuraba: mu masaha ya saa saba z'amanywa/℃, ubugari bw'umurongo ku bushyuhe bwuzuye bwa 0.128nm ni "icyuma gikingira ubuziranenge" kiri mu kajagari k'ibidukikije, hamwe n'ihindagurika ry'uburebure bw'umuraba usohoka hakoreshejwe laser hamwe n'impinduka z'ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo gutahura mu gice cy'uburebure cya 1.5 μ m ubusanzwe ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "wavelength diversity reception" cyangwa "interferometry" kugira ngo inoze uburyo bwo gukora neza, kandi ihindagurika ry'uburebure rishobora gutuma ibipimo bihindagurika mu buryo butaziguye - urugero, iyo drone ikora ahantu hanini, ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bushobora kuzamuka kuva kuri -10 ℃ kugeza kuri 30 ℃. Niba igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'umuraba cya laser ya fiber ya 1.5 μ m ari 5pm/℃, uburebure bw'umuraba buzahinduka ho 200pm, kandi ikosa ryo gupima intera rijyanye naryo riziyongeraho milimetero 0.3 (rikomoka ku buryo bwo guhuza uburebure n'umuvuduko w'urumuri). Cyane cyane mu igenzura ry'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka zidafite abapilote, ibipimo nyabyo nka "wire sag" n'intera hagati y'imirongo bigomba gupimwa. Ubunini bw'umuraba budahamye bushobora gutuma amakuru ahindagurika kandi bukagira ingaruka ku isuzuma ry'umutekano w'imirongo; Laser ya 1.5 μ m ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga uburebure bw'umuraba ishobora kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'uburebure bw'umuraba mu masaha ya saa saba z'amanywa/℃, ikagenzura neza uburyo bwo kumenya urwego rwa santimetero nubwo haba hari impinduka mu bushyuhe.
④ Ihuriro ry'ibipimo: "Kugereranya" hagati y'ubuziranenge n'uburebure mu bihe nyabyo byo gupima indege zitagira indege, aho ibipimo bidakora ku giti cyazo, ahubwo bigira isano ishingiye ku bufatanye cyangwa ubw'imipaka. Urugero, kongera imbaraga zo hejuru bishobora kongera uburebure bwo gupima, ariko ni ngombwa kugenzura ubugari bw'impinduka kugira ngo hirindwe kugabanuka k'ubuziranenge (uburinganire bw'"imbaraga nyinshi + impumuro nto" bugomba kugerwaho binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukanda impumuro); Kunoza ubwiza bw'imirasire bishobora kunoza icyarimwe uburebure n'ubuziranenge (ubwinshi bw'imirasire bigabanya imyanda y'ingufu n'ingaruka mbi zo gupima biterwa n'ahantu h'urumuri ruhurirana ku ntera ndende). Akamaro ka laser ya fiber ya 1.5 μ m kari mu bushobozi bwayo bwo kugera ku buhanga bwo guhuza "imbaraga nyinshi zo hejuru (1-10 kW), impumuro nto (1-10 ns), ubwiza bw'imirasire myinshi (M²<1.5), no kudahindagurika k'uburebure (<1pm/℃)" binyuze mu miterere mike y'igihombo cya fibre media na ikoranabuhanga ryo guhindura impumuro. Ibi bigeraho intambwe ebyiri z’ingenzi mu "ntera ndende (metero 300-500) + ubwiza bwo hejuru (urugero rwa santimetero)" mu gushakisha ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote, ari nabyo bihangano byabyo mu gusimbuza lazeri isanzwe ya 905nm na 1064nm mu gupima ibinyabiziga bitagira abapilote, ubutabazi bwihutirwa n'ibindi bintu.
Bishobora guhindurwa
✅ Ibisabwa ku bushyuhe buhindagurika n'ubugari bw'ingufu
✅ Ubwoko bw'ibisohoka n'ishami risohora
✅ Igipimo cyo kugabanya amashami y'urumuri rw'icyerekezo
✅ Ingufu zihamye zisanzwe
✅ Gusaba ko ahantu runaka hashyirwa mu bikorwa
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-28-2025