Inganda za Laser mu Bushinwa Zateye Imbere Hagati y'Ingorane: Iterambere Rihamye n'Udushya Biyobora Impinduka mu Bukungu

Mu nama iherutse kubera mu "Inama Nkuru y'Iterambere ry'Uruganda rwa Laser 2023," Zhang Qingmao, Umuyobozi wa Komite Ishinzwe Gutunganya Laser y'Umuryango w'Abashinwa w'Amaso, yagaragaje uburyo inganda za laser zihangana cyane. Nubwo hari ingaruka zikomeje za Covid-19, inganda za laser zikomeje kwiyongera ku kigero cya 6%. Ikigaragara ni uko iri terambere riri kabiri ugereranije n'imyaka yashize, riruta cyane iterambere ry'izindi nzego.

Zhang yashimangiye ko imirasire ya laser yagaragaye nk'ibikoresho bikoreshwa ku isi yose, kandi ingaruka zikomeye z'ubukungu bw'Ubushinwa, hamwe n'ibintu byinshi bifatika, bishyira igihugu ku isonga mu guhanga udushya muri imirasire ya laser mu nzego zitandukanye zikoreshwa.

Iyi laser, ifatwa nk'imwe mu mashya ane y'ingenzi mu gihe cya none—hamwe n'ingufu za atome, semiconductors, na mudasobwa—yakomeje akamaro kayo. Kwinjizwa kwayo mu rwego rw'inganda bitanga ibyiza bidasanzwe, birimo imikorere yoroshye kuyikoresha, ubushobozi bwo kudahuza, ubworoherane bwinshi, imikorere myiza, no kubungabunga ingufu. Iri koranabuhanga ryabaye inkingi ikomeye mu mirimo nko gukata, gusudira, gutunganya ubuso, gukora ibice bigoye, no gukora ibintu neza. Uruhare rwayo rw'ingenzi mu bwenge bw'inganda rwatumye ibihugu ku isi bihatanira iterambere rikomeye muri iri koranabuhanga ry'ingenzi.

Ijyanye na gahunda z’ingamba z’Ubushinwa, iterambere ry’inganda zikoresha imirasire ya laser rijyanye n’intego zavuzwe mu "Incamake y’Iterambere ry’Igihugu ry’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga mu gihe Giciriritse n’Igihe Kirekire (2006-2020)" na "Byakozwe mu Bushinwa 2025." Uku kwibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rya laser ni ingenzi mu guteza imbere urugendo rw’Ubushinwa rugana ku iterambere rishya ry’inganda, bikongera urwego rwabwo nk’inganda zikora, indege, ubwikorezi, n’ikoranabuhanga.

Ikigaragara ni uko Ubushinwa bwageze ku rusobe rw’inganda za laser. Igice cyo hejuru kigizwe n’ibintu by’ingenzi nk’ibikoresho by’urumuri n’ibice by’urumuri, ingenzi mu guteranya laser. Igice cyo hagati kigizwe no gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwa laser, sisitemu za mekanike, na sisitemu za CNC. Ibi birimo amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bishyushya, sensor, na analyzer. Amaherezo, urwego rwo hasi rukora ibikoresho byuzuye byo gutunganya laser, kuva ku mashini zica na sudira laser kugeza ku buryo bwo gushyira ibimenyetso kuri laser.

Ikoreshwa ry'inganda za laser rikwirakwira mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu bw'igihugu, harimo ubwikorezi, ubuvuzi, bateri, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, n'ubucuruzi. Inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nko gukora wafer ya photovoltaic, gusudira bateri ya lithium, n'ubuvuzi bugezweho, bigaragaza uburyo laser ikora neza.

Imenyekana ku isi hose ry’ibikoresho bya laser by’Abashinwa ryageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu kubona agaciro k’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga karenze agaciro k’ibitumizwa mu mahanga mu myaka yashize. Ibikoresho binini byo gukata, gushushanya no gushyira ibimenyetso ku buryo bunonosoye byabonye amasoko mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. By’umwihariko, urwego rwa laser ya fiber ruri ku isonga mu bigo byo mu gihugu. Chuangxin Laser Company, ikigo gikomeye cya laser ya fiber, cyageze ku bufatanye butangaje, cyohereza ibicuruzwa byacyo ku isi hose, harimo no mu Burayi.

Wang Zhaohua, umushakashatsi mu Kigo cya Fiziki cy’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Abashinwa, yemeje ko inganda za laser zihagaze nk’urwego rukura. Mu 2020, isoko ry’isi rya fotoniki ryageze kuri miliyari 300 z’amadolari, aho Ubushinwa bwatanze miliyari 45.5 z’amadolari, bugafata umwanya wa gatatu ku isi. Ubuyapani na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni byo biza imbere muri uru rwego. Wang abona ko Ubushinwa bushobora gukura cyane muri uru rwego, cyane cyane iyo buhujwe n’ibikoresho bigezweho n’ingamba z’ubuhanga mu gukora.

Impuguke mu nganda zivuga rumwe ku ikoreshwa ryagutse ry’ikoranabuhanga rya laser mu buhanga mu nganda. Ubushobozi bwayo bugera no ku ikoranabuhanga rya robotiki, ikorwa rya micro-nano, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ndetse no mu isuku ishingiye kuri laser. Byongeye kandi, ubuhanga bwa laser bugaragarira mu ikoranabuhanga ryo kuvugurura ibintu bitandukanye, aho ikorana n’ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye nk’umuyaga, urumuri, bateri, n’imiti. Ubu buryo butuma ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bihendutse mu bikoresho, bisimbuza neza umutungo udasanzwe kandi w’agaciro. Imbaraga zihindura za laser zigaragazwa n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gusimbuza uburyo busanzwe bwo gusukura bwanduye cyane kandi bwangiza, bigatuma igira uruhare runini mu gukuraho ibintu byanduye no kugarura ibikoresho by’agaciro.

Iterambere rirambye ry’inganda zikoresha imirasire ya laser, nubwo COVID-19 yabayeho, rigaragaza akamaro kazo nk'igitera udushya n'iterambere ry'ubukungu. Ubuyobozi bw'Ubushinwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya laser buhagaze neza mu guhindura inganda, ubukungu, n'iterambere ry'isi mu myaka iri imbere.