Inganda za Laser mu Bushinwa ziratera imbere mu mbogamizi: Iterambere rihamye no guhanga udushya mu guhindura ubukungu

Mu nama iherutse "2023 Ihuriro ry’inganda zikora inganda," Zhang Qingmao, umuyobozi wa komite ishinzwe gutunganya Laser y’umuryango wa Optical Society mu Bushinwa, yagaragaje imbaraga z’inganda za laser. Nubwo ingaruka z'icyorezo cya Covid-19 zitinze, inganda za lazeri zigumana umuvuduko uhoraho wa 6%. Ikigaragara ni uko iri terambere riri mu mibare ibiri ugereranije n’imyaka yashize, iruta cyane iterambere mu zindi nzego.

Zhang yashimangiye ko lazeri yagaragaye nk'ibikoresho byo gutunganya isi yose, kandi uruhare runini mu bukungu mu Bushinwa, hamwe n'ibintu byinshi byakoreshwa, bituma igihugu kiza ku isonga mu guhanga udushya twa laser mu nzego zitandukanye zikoreshwa.

Ufatwa nk'imwe mu bihe bine by'iki gihe udushya twinshi - hamwe n'ingufu za atome, semiconductor, na mudasobwa - lazeri yashimangiye akamaro kayo. Kwishyira hamwe mubikorwa byinganda bitanga inyungu zidasanzwe, zirimo ibikorwa byorohereza abakoresha, ubushobozi bwo kudahuza, guhinduka cyane, gukora neza, no kubungabunga ingufu. Iri koranabuhanga ryahindutse ibuye rikomeza imfuruka mu bikorwa nko gukata, gusudira, kuvura hejuru, gukora ibintu bigoye, no gukora neza. Uruhare rukomeye mu buhanga bw’inganda rwatumye ibihugu byo ku isi bihatanira gutera imbere muri ubu buhanga.

Bishingiye kuri gahunda z’Ubushinwa, iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa na lazeri zihuza n’intego zavuzwe muri "Urutonde rwa gahunda y’iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kirekire (2006-2020)" na "Byakozwe mu Bushinwa 2025." Ibi byibanda ku ikoranabuhanga rya lazeri ni ingenzi mu guteza imbere urugendo rw’Ubushinwa rugana mu nganda nshya, bigatuma urwego rukora inganda, icyogajuru, ubwikorezi, n’ingufu za digitale.

Ikigaragara ni uko Ubushinwa bwageze ku bidukikije byangiza ibidukikije. Igice cyo hejuru gikubiyemo ibintu byingenzi nkibikoresho bitanga urumuri nibikoresho bya optique, byingenzi muguteranya laser. Hagati ikubiyemo gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwa laser, sisitemu ya mashini, na sisitemu ya CNC. Ibi bikubiyemo ibikoresho bitanga ingufu, ibyuma bishyushya, sensor, hamwe nisesengura. Hanyuma, umurenge wo hasi utanga ibikoresho byuzuye byo gutunganya lazeri, uhereye kumashini yo gukata no gusudira kugeza kuri sisitemu yo gushiraho laser.

Ikoreshwa ryinganda za laser zikwirakwira mubice bitandukanye byubukungu bwigihugu, harimo ubwikorezi, ubuvuzi, bateri, ibikoresho byo murugo, hamwe nubucuruzi. Imirima yo murwego rwohejuru, nkibikoresho byo gufotora bya fotora, gusudira kwa batiri ya lithium, hamwe nubuvuzi buhanitse, byerekana uburyo bwa laser.

Ibikoresho byo mu Bushinwa byamenyekanye ku isi byageze ku ndangagaciro zoherezwa mu mahanga zirenga agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu myaka yashize. Ibikoresho binini byo gukata, gushushanya, n'ibikoresho byerekana ibimenyetso neza byabonye amasoko mu Burayi no muri Amerika. Indangantego ya fibre laser, byumwihariko, iranga imishinga yo murugo imbere. Uruganda rwa Chuangxin Laser, uruganda rukomeye rwa fibre laser, rumaze kugera ku buryo budasanzwe, rwohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi hose, ndetse no mu Burayi.

Wang Zhaohua, umushakashatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubugenge ry’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa, yemeje ko inganda za lazeri zihagarara nk’urwego rugenda rwiyongera. Muri 2020, isoko rya fotonike ku isi ryageze kuri miliyari 300 z'amadolari, Ubushinwa bwatanze miliyari 45.5 z'amadolari, buza ku mwanya wa gatatu ku isi. Ubuyapani na Amerika biyoboye umurima. Wang abona imbaraga zikomeye zo kuzamuka mubushinwa muriki kibuga, cyane cyane iyo bihujwe nibikoresho bigezweho hamwe ningamba zo gukora ubwenge.

Inzobere mu nganda zihuriza hamwe uburyo bwagutse bwa tekinoroji ya laser mu gukora ubwenge. Ubushobozi bwayo bugera no kuri robo, gukora micro-nano, ibikoresho bya biomedical, ndetse nuburyo bwo gukora isuku ya laser. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwinshi bwa laser bugaragarira muburyo bwa tekinoroji yo kongera gukora, aho ihuza na siporo zitandukanye nkumuyaga, urumuri, bateri, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya shimi. Ubu buryo butuma hakoreshwa ibikoresho bihenze kubikoresho, gusimbuza neza umutungo udasanzwe kandi ufite agaciro. Imbaraga zo guhindura lazeri zigaragazwa nubushobozi bwayo bwo gusimbuza imyanda ihumanya cyane kandi yangiza uburyo bwo gukora isuku, bigatuma ikora neza cyane muguhumanya ibikoresho bikoresha radio no kugarura ibihangano bifite agaciro.

Inganda za lazeri zikomeje kwiyongera, ndetse n’ingaruka za COVID-19, zishimangira akamaro kayo nk'umushoramari wo guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ubukungu. Ubuyobozi bw'Ubushinwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya laser bwiteguye gushinga inganda, ubukungu, n'iterambere ku isi mu myaka iri imbere.