Uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, ibikoresho byo gupima byagiye bitera imbere mu bijyanye no gukoresha neza, koroshya, no gukoresha neza. Ibikoresho byo gupima bya laser, nk'igikoresho gishya cyo gupima, bitanga inyungu zikomeye ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima (nk'ibipimo bya kaseti na theodolite) mu buryo bwinshi. Iyi nkuru izatanga isesengura ryimbitse ry'itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho byo gupima bya laser n'ibikoresho bisanzwe, hibandwa ku buryo bwo gupima neza, koroshya ikoreshwa, urwego rw'ikoreshwa, n'ikiguzi cy'ikoranabuhanga.
1. Ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo
Ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo ni cyo kimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma imikorere y'igikoresho icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gupima. Ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo gakondo bya kaseti na theodolite biterwa n'ubuhanga bw'umukoresha n'imiterere y'umubiri w'igikoresho. Ibipimo bya kaseti birakwiriye gupima intera ngufi, ariko uko intera yiyongera, ubuziranenge bushobora kugira ingaruka ku makosa y'abantu, ubusaza bw'ibikoresho, n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije. Theodolite, nubwo ari nziza mu gupima inguni, yishingikiriza ku ngingo zo hanze kugira ngo apime intera.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, inyungu y'ibikoresho byo gupima ikirere bya laser iri mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya laser pulse, ripima intera igera ku kintu runaka binyuze mu gupima igihe bifata kugira ngo laser igende kuva ku ibyuka bihumanya kugeza ku isubiramo. Ubuhanga bwo gupima ibyuma byo gupima ikirere bya laser busanzwe buri hagati ya milimetero 1 na milimetero nke, kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe, cyane cyane mu ntera ndende. Ibi bituma ari ngombwa cyane mu bihe bisaba ubuhanga buhanitse, nko mu bushakashatsi bw'inyubako, igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere, no gukora ikoranabuhanga mu nganda.
2. Koroshya ikoreshwa
Ibikoresho gakondo byo gupima, cyane cyane ibipimo bya kaseti, biroroshye gukoresha, ariko gupima intera ndende akenshi bisaba abantu babiri—umwe afashe impera imwe undi arambura kaseti kugira ngo ipimwe. Byongeye kandi, gupfunyika no kunanura kaseti mu gihe cyo gupima intera ndende bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye. Theodolites zisaba ubuhanga bw'umwuga kugira ngo zikore kandi zigomba gushyirwa kuri tripods kandi zihuzwe n'intego binyuze mu gikoresho cyo kureba, bigatuma igikorwa gitwara igihe kinini kandi gisaba imbaraga nyinshi.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho byo gushakisha kuri laser byagenewe kuba umuhanga kandi byoroshye gukoresha. Ukoresha agomba gusa kugerageza intego no gukanda buto, maze ibikoresho byo gushakisha kuri laser bikerekana umusaruro vuba kandi mu buryo bwikora—ubusanzwe bisaba umuntu umwe gusa. Ubu buryo bworoshye ni ingenzi cyane iyo upima ahantu bigoye kugera (nk'aho uri hejuru cyangwa inyuma y'imbogamizi). Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gushakisha kuri laser bigezweho bifite imirimo nko kubika amakuru, gupima inguni, ubuso, no kubara ingano, bikongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gukoresha.
3. Ingano y'Ikoreshwa
Uburyo ibikoresho gakondo bipimisha bikoreshwa muri rusange bugengwa n’imiterere yabyo. Ibipimo bya kaseti bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima imbere mu nzu, intera ngufi, no mu mirimo yoroshye yo kubaka. Theodolites zikoreshwa cyane mu bushakashatsi ku imiterere y’ubutaka, gutegura aho kubaka, n’ahandi, ariko imikorere yazo igoye no kwishingikiriza ku bintu bidukikije bigabanya ikoreshwa ryazo mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye.
Icyakora, ibikoresho byo gupima ikirere bya laser bifite uburyo bwagutse bwo kubikoresha. Bishobora gukoreshwa atari mu bipimo bisanzwe mu bwubatsi no mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere gusa, ahubwo no mu bikorwa byo hanze nko gukina golf, guhiga, no gutembera mu misozi kugira ngo bipime neza intera. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gupima ikirere bya laser birimo gukoreshwa cyane mu bibuga bifite ubuhanga buhanitse nko mu gisirikare, imodoka zigenga, kugenzura imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga, no kubaka ibiraro. Urugero, mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gutwara imodoka zigenga, ibikoresho byo gupima ikirere bya laser, bikorana na LiDAR, bifasha imodoka gupima neza intera igana ku mbogamizi zikikije mu gihe nyacyo, bigamije ko imodoka zitwara neza.
4. Ibiciro by'ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo biboneka
Akamaro kamwe kagaragara k'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima ni uko bihendutse. Ibipimo bya kaseti na theodolite zoroshye birahendutse kandi biraboneka cyane, bigatuma biba bikwiriye abakoresha biteguye neza cyangwa abakeneye ibipimo byoroshye. Ariko, theodolite zigoye zishobora kuba zihenze kandi zigasaba amahugurwa y'inzobere, bigatuma zidahenda cyane ku mishinga mito cyangwa abakoresha ku giti cyabo.
Imashini zipima imirasire ya laser, cyane cyane ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu nganda, zirahenze cyane. Ariko, bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’irushanwa ry’isoko rikomeje kwiyongera, igiciro cya mudasobwa zipima imirasire ya laser cyagiye kigabanuka buhoro buhoro, bigatuma zihendutse ku bakiriya n’ibigo bito. Nubwo hari ishoramari ryinshi rya mbere, imikorere yazo myiza kandi iboneye ishobora kuzigama igihe kinini n’ikiguzi cy’abakozi mu gihe kirekire. Bityo, mu bihe bisaba gupimwa kenshi cyangwa gukoresha neza cyane, mudasobwa zipima imirasire ya laser nta gushidikanya ko ari zo mahitamo meza ukurikije uburyo ikiguzi cyazo kigenda neza.
Muri make, ibikoresho byo gupima hakoreshejwe laser biraruta ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gupima mu bijyanye no gupima neza, koroshya ikoreshwa, ndetse n'uburyo bikoreshwa, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu bidukikije bifite imiterere myiza kandi bigoye. Ariko, ku mirimo yoroshye ya buri munsi, ibikoresho gakondo biracyafite ibyiza bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'igiciro n'uburyo byoroshye bwo kubikoresha. Uko ikoranabuhanga rya laser rikomeza gutera imbere n'ibiciro bikagabanuka, ibikoresho byo gupima hakoreshejwe laser bishobora kuba igikoresho gikunzwe cyane ku nganda nyinshi n'abantu ku giti cyabo, bigatuma habaho udushya mu nganda zipima.
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