Mu 1916, umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’Umuyahudi witwa Einstein yavumbuye ibanga rya laser. Laser (izina ryuzuye: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation), bivuze "amplification by stimulated radiation of light", yiswe ikindi gishya gikomeye cyavumbuwe n’abantu kuva mu kinyejana cya 20, gikurikiza ingufu za kirimbuzi, mudasobwa, na semiconductors. Ni "icyuma cyihuta cyane", "umutware w’ukuri", n'"urumuri rumurika cyane". Izina ryuzuye ry’icyongereza rya laser rimaze kugaragaza neza inzira nyamukuru yo gukora laser. Laser ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, nko gushyira ikimenyetso kuri laser, gusudira laser, gukata laser, itumanaho rya fiber optic, kurangisha laser, LiDAR, n'ibindi. Uyu munsi tuzavuga ku buryo lasers zigera ku musaruro wo gupima intera.
Ihame ryo gutandukanya laser
Muri rusange, hari uburyo bubiri bwo gupima intera hakoreshejwe lazeri: uburyo bwo gutera umuvuduko n'uburyo bwo gukora icyiciro. Ihame ryo gutera umuvuduko wa lazeri ni uko lazeri isohoka n'igikoresho gisohora umuvuduko wa lazeri igaragazwa n'ikintu cyapimwe hanyuma ikakirwa n'uwakira. Mu kwandika icyarimwe igihe cya laser cyo kugaruka no kugaruka, kimwe cya kabiri cy'umuvuduko w'urumuri n'igihe cyo kugaruka ni intera iri hagati y'igikoresho gipima n'ikintu cyapimwe. Ubuhanga bw'uburyo bwo gutera umuvuduko mu gupima intera muri rusange ni hafi santimetero 10. Uburyo bwo gutera umuvuduko ntibupima icyiciro cya lazeri, ahubwo bupima icyiciro cy'ikimenyetso gihinduka kuri lazeri.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha laser
Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ihame ryo gupima imirasire ya laser, reka turebere hamwe imikorere nyayo ya laser. Ubusanzwe, gupima imirasire ya laser neza bisaba gukoresha prism y’igaragaza ry’urumuri, mu gihe icyuma gipima imirasire gikoreshwa mu gupima inzu gishobora gupima imirasire y’urumuri uhereye ku rukuta rworoshye. Ibi biterwa ahanini n’uko intera iri hafi cyane, kandi imbaraga z’ikimenyetso zigaragara inyuma y’urumuri zirakomeye bihagije. Ariko, niba intera iri kure cyane, inguni y’ibyuka bya laser igomba kuba igororotse ku ndorerwamo y’igaragaza ry’urumuri, bitabaye ibyo ikimenyetso cyo kugaruka kizaba gito cyane ku buryo kitabona intera nyayo. Ariko, mu buhanga bufatika, abakozi bakoresha laser bazakoresha impapuro za pulasitiki nto nk’ubuso bugaragaza urumuri kugira ngo bakemure ikibazo cyo gupima imirasire ya laser cyane. Imashini ipima imirasire ya laser nziza ishobora kugera ku buziranenge bwo gupima kugeza kuri milimetero 1, bigatuma laser ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bwo gupima neza.
Nk'ikigo gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse gihuza ubushakashatsi n'iterambere n'umusaruro, Lumisopot yateguye ku giti cyayo modules za laser semiconductor za 905nm 1200m, modules za laser glass ranging za 1535nm 3-15km, hamwe na modules zimwe na zimwe zo gupima laser intera ndende cyane. Bitandukanye n'ibindi bigo bikoresha laser ranging, ibicuruzwa byacu bigaragaza neza imiterere y'ingano nto, uburemere bworoheje, igiciro gito, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro mwinshi. Byongeye kandi, moderi z'ibicuruzwa byacu ziratandukanye cyane kandi zishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byose bya laser ranging. Niba ushishikajwe n'ibicuruzwa byacu, nyamuneka twandikire.
Lumispot
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