Nko mu 1916, umuhanga mu bya fiziki w'Abayahudi witwa Einstein yavumbuye ibanga rya lazeri. Laser (izina ryuzuye: Umucyo Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Imirasire), bisobanura ngo "kwongerwaho imbaraga n’imirasire y’umucyo", ishimwa nkikindi kintu cyavumbuwe n’ikiremwamuntu kuva mu kinyejana cya 20, nyuma y’ingufu za kirimbuzi, mudasobwa, hamwe na semiconductor. Ni "icyuma cyihuta", "umutegetsi wukuri", n "urumuri rwinshi". Izina ryuzuye ryicyongereza rya laser rimaze kwerekana byimazeyo inzira nyamukuru yo gukora laser. Laser ifite porogaramu zitandukanye, nko gushyiramo lazeri, gusudira laser, gukata lazeri, itumanaho rya fibre optique, laser range, LiDAR, nibindi. Uyu munsi tuzavuga uburyo laseri igera kumikorere yo gupima intera.
Ihame rya laser
Muri rusange, hari uburyo bubiri bwo gupima intera ukoresheje laseri: uburyo bwa pulse nuburyo bwa fase. Ihame rya laser pulse iringaniye nuko lazeri yoherejwe nigikoresho cyohereza imyuka ya laser igaragazwa nikintu cyapimwe hanyuma kigakirwa nuwakiriye. Mugihe kimwe cyo kwandika igihe cyurugendo-rwa-laser, kimwe cya kabiri cyibicuruzwa byumuvuduko wumucyo nigihe-cyurugendo-intera ni intera iri hagati yikintu cyapimwe nikintu cyapimwe. Ubusobanuro bwuburyo bwa pulse bwo gupima intera muri rusange hafi ya santimetero +/- 10. Uburyo bwicyiciro ntabwo bupima icyiciro cya laser, ahubwo gipima icyiciro cyikimenyetso cyahinduwe kuri laser.
Uburyo bwa laser
Nyuma yo gusobanukirwa ihame rya laser ringana, reka turebe imikorere nyayo ya laser. Mubisanzwe, urutonde rwa laser rusobanutse rusaba gukoresha prism yuzuye yo kwerekana, mugihe intera ikoreshwa mugupima inzu irashobora gupima muburyo butaziguye kuva kurukuta rworoshye. Ibi biterwa ahanini nuko intera iri hafi, kandi imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso zigaragazwa numucyo zirakomeye bihagije. Ariko, niba intera iri kure cyane, inguni ya lazeri igomba kuba perpendicular kumirorerwamo yose yerekana, bitabaye ibyo ikimenyetso cyo kugaruka kizaba gifite intege nke kugirango kibone intera nyayo. Nyamara, mubuhanga bufatika, abakozi bakora laser baringaniza bazakoresha impapuro za plastike zoroshye nkubuso bugaragaza kugirango bakemure ikibazo cyogukwirakwiza gukabije kwa lazeri.Imashini yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ya laser irashobora kugera ku gupima neza kugera kuri milimetero 1, bigatuma lazeri ikwiranye intego zitandukanye zo gupima neza.
Nkumushinga wubuhanga buhanitse uhuza ubushakashatsi niterambere hamwe numusaruro, Lumisopot yateje imbere yigenga 905nm 1200m ya semiconductor laser ingana na modules, 1535nm 3-15km ya erbium ikirahure laser modules, hamwe na moderi zimwe na zimwe za intera ndende. Bitandukanye n’ibindi bigo bya lazeri byerekana ibicuruzwa, ibicuruzwa byacu byerekana neza ibiranga ubunini buto, uburemere bworoshye, bidahenze cyane, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga kubwinshi. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byacu byerekana ibintu bitandukanye kandi birashobora guhaza ibikenewe byose. Niba ushimishijwe nibicuruzwa byacu, nyamuneka twandikire.
Lumispot
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2024