Lumispot Itanga serivisi nziza zo kugenzura ubuziranenge n'iy'inyuma yo kugurisha, byemejwe na sisitemu z'ubuziranenge z'igihugu, iz'inganda, FDA, na CE. Gusubiza abakiriya vuba no gutanga ubufasha bwihuse nyuma yo kugurisha.
Iyandikishe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacu kugira ngo ubone ubutumwa bwihuse
Ibikoresho byo mu kirere bya LiDARIshobora gufata ingingo runaka iturutse kuri laser pulse, izwi nka discrete return measures, cyangwa ikandika ikimenyetso cyuzuye uko igaruka, cyitwa full-waveform, mu bihe bihamye nka 1 ns (ifite hafi cm 15). Full-waveform LiDAR ikoreshwa cyane mu mashyamba, mu gihe discrete return LiDAR ifite porogaramu zagutse mu nzego zitandukanye. Iyi nkuru iganira cyane cyane kuri discrete return LiDAR n'imikoreshereze yayo. Muri iki gice, tuzavuga ku ngingo nyinshi z'ingenzi kuri LiDAR, harimo ibice byayo by'ibanze, uko ikora, ubunyangamugayo bwayo, sisitemu zayo, n'ibikoresho bihari.
Ibice by'ibanze bya LiDAR
Sisitemu za LiDAR zishingiye ku butaka ubusanzwe zikoresha imirasire ifite ubunini bw'uburebure buri hagati ya nanometero 500–600, mu gihe sisitemu za LiDAR zikoresha imirasire ifite ubunini bw'uburebure burebure, kuva kuri nanometero 1000–1600. Urwego rusanzwe rwa LiDAR rugizwe na scanner ya laser, igikoresho cyo gupima intera (igice cyo gupima), na sisitemu zo kugenzura, kugenzura no gufata amajwi. Harimo kandi Sisitemu yo Gupima Ishusho Itandukanye (DGPS) na Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), akenshi ishyirwa muri sisitemu imwe izwi nka sisitemu yo kugenzura aho ibintu biherereye n'aho biherereye. Iyi sisitemu itanga ahantu nyaho (longitude, latitude, na altitude) hamwe n'amakuru yerekeye aho ibintu biherereye (roll, pitch, na heading).
Imiterere ya laser scan ahantu ishobora gutandukana, harimo inzira zigzag, parallel, cyangwa elliptical. Guhuza amakuru ya DGPS na IMU, hamwe n'amakuru yo gupima no gushyiraho ibipimo, bituma sisitemu ibasha gutunganya neza ingingo za laser zakusanyijwe. Izi ngingo zihabwa coordinates (x, y, z) muri sisitemu ya geographic coordinates hakoreshejwe Sisitemu y'Isi ya Geodetic yo mu 1984 (WGS84).
Uburyo LiDARGutahura kureImirimoSobanura mu buryo bworoshye
Sisitemu ya LiDAR yohereza imivuduko ya laser yihuta igana ku kintu cyangwa ku buso bw'ikintu runaka.
Imivuduko ya laser igaruka kuri target hanyuma igasubira kuri sensor ya LiDAR.
Sensor ipima neza igihe bifata kugira ngo buri terambere rigere ku ntego no inyuma.
Hakoreshejwe umuvuduko w'urumuri n'igihe cy'urugendo, intera igera ku ntego irabarwa.
Hamwe n'amakuru yerekeye aho ibintu biri n'aho biherereye aturuka muri sensor za GPS na IMU, hagenwa imiterere nyayo ya 3D y'urumuri rwa laser.
Ibi bituma habaho igicu kinini cya 3D kigaragaza ubuso cyangwa ikintu cyasuzumwe.
Ihame ry'umubiri rya LiDAR
Sisitemu za LiDAR zikoresha ubwoko bubiri bwa lazeri: umuraba uhindagurika n'umuraba uhoraho. Sisitemu za LiDAR zihindagurika zikora zohereza umuvuduko mugufi w'urumuri hanyuma zigapima igihe bifata kugira ngo uyu muvuduko ugere ku ntego no kugaruka ku mashini ikirangurura. Iki gipimo cy'igihe cyo gusubira no kugaruka gifasha kumenya intera igana ku ntego. Urugero rugaragazwa mu gishushanyo aho uburebure bw'ikimenyetso cy'urumuri cyoherejwe (AT) n'ikimenyetso cy'urumuri cyakiriwe (AR) byerekanwa. Igereranya ry'ibanze rikoreshwa muri iyi sisitemu rikubiyemo umuvuduko w'urumuri (c) n'intera igana ku ntego (R), bigatuma sisitemu ibarwa intera ishingiye ku gihe bifata kugira ngo urumuri rugaruke.
Gupima ku buryo butaziguye no gupima mu buryo bw'umuraba wose hakoreshejwe LiDAR iri mu kirere.
Sisitemu isanzwe ya LiDAR ikoreshwa mu kirere.
Uburyo bwo gupima muri LiDAR, busuzuma igikoresho cyo gupima n'imiterere y'ikintu kigamije, bukubiye muri equation isanzwe ya LiDAR. Iki kigereranyo cyahinduwe kivanywe muri equation ya radar kandi ni ingenzi mu gusobanukirwa uburyo sisitemu za LiDAR zibara intera. Gisobanura isano iri hagati y'imbaraga z'ikimenyetso cyoherejwe (Pt) n'imbaraga z'ikimenyetso cyakiriwe (Pr). Mu by'ukuri, iki kigereranyo gifasha gupima ingano y'urumuri rwoherejwe rusubizwa kuri receiver nyuma yo kugaragara ku kintu kigamije, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi mu kumenya intera no gukora amakarita nyayo. Iyi sano izirikana ibintu nko kugabanuka kw'ikimenyetso bitewe n'intera n'imikoranire n'ubuso bw'ikintu kigamije.
Porogaramu za LiDAR Remote Sensing
Uburyo bwo gupima bwa LiDAR kure bufite porogaramu nyinshi mu nzego zitandukanye:
Gushushanya ahantu hatandukanye n'imiterere y'ubutaka mu rwego rwo gukora ibishushanyo mbonera by'uburebure bw'ikoranabuhanga (DEMs).
Gushushanya amashyamba n'ibimera kugira ngo higwe imiterere y'ibiti n'ibinyabuzima.
Gutegura ikarita y'inkombe n'inkombe kugira ngo harebwe isuri n'impinduka ku rwego rw'inyanja.
Igenamigambi ry'imijyi n'ibikorwa remezo, harimo inyubako n'imiyoboro y'ubwikorezi.
Inyandiko z'amateka n'ibyataburuwe mu matongo n'umurage ndangamuco ku hantu hatandukanye mu mateka n'ibintu byakozwe mu buryo bw'ubucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo.
Ubushakashatsi ku birebana n'imiterere y'ubutaka n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'ubuso n'ibikorwa byo gukurikirana.
Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibinyabiziga no kumenya imbogamizi.
Gushakisha imibumbe, nko gushushanya ubuso bwa Mars.
Ukeneye Konsilasiyo y'ubuntu?
Ibikoresho bya LiDAR:
Urutonde rwuzuye rw'amasoko y'amakuru ya LiDAR na porogaramu z'ubuntu ruratangwa hano hepfo. Inkomoko y'amakuru ya LiDAR:
1.Fungura imiterere y'ubutakahttp://www.opentopography.org
2.Umushakashatsi w'Isi wa USGShttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.Ibiro by'ubwiyongere bw'amasosiyete ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerikahttps://coast.noaa.gov/ ububiko/
4.Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima bw'Inyanja n'Ikirere (NOAA)Inkombe y'ikoranabuhangahttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(Leta_zunze ubumwe za Amerika)
6.LiDAR kuri interinetihttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Urugaga rw'Igihugu rw'Abashakashatsi ku Bidukikije—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Amakuru ya LiDAR yo mu majyaruguru ya Esipanyehttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Amakuru ya LiDAR yo mu Bwongerezahttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Porogaramu ya LiDAR y'ubuntu:
1.Bisaba ENVIhttp://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(Kuri LiDAR n'andi makuru ya raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.IFUNGURO/LDV(Kugaragaza, guhindura, no gusesengura amakuru ya LiDAR) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Ibikoresho bya LAS(Kode na porogaramu zo gusoma no kwandika dosiye za LAS) http:// www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Urutonde rw'ibikoresho bya GUI byo kureba no guhindura LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(Isomero rya C/C++ ryo gusoma/kwandika mu buryo bwa LAS) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Gushyira mu byiciro byinshi bya LiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Ishusho ya 3D y'amakuru ya LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Isesengura ryuzuye(Porogaramu ifunguye yo gutunganya no kubona amashusho y'ibicu bya LiDARpoint n'imiterere y'amashusho) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Ubumaji bw'Igicu cy'Indorerwamo (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Umusomyi w'ahantu hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya Quick Terrain(Kureba amashusho y'ibicu bya LiDAR) http://applidayimary.com/download/ Izindi porogaramu za LiDAR ushobora kuzisanga ku rubuga rwa Open Topography ToolRegistry kuri http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Gushimira
- Iyi nkuru irimo ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" na Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. Inkuru yose irabonekahano.
- Uru rutonde rwuzuye hamwe n'ibisobanuro birambuye by'amasoko y'amakuru ya LiDAR na porogaramu y'ubuntu bitanga igikoresho cy'ingenzi ku bahanga n'abashakashatsi mu bijyanye no gusesengura kure no gusesengura imiterere y'ubutaka.
Icyitonderwa:
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Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 16 Mata 2024