Ubugari bwa pulse bwerekeza ku gihe cy'impeshyi, kandi intera isanzwe iva kuri nanoseconds (ns, 10-9amasegonda) kugeza ku masegonda ya femto (fs, 10-15amasegonda). Imashini zikoresha imitsi zifite ubugari butandukanye bw'imitsi zikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye:
- Ubugari bw'ingufu ngufi (Picosecond/Femtosecond):
Ni byiza cyane mu gutunganya neza ibikoresho byoroshye (urugero: ikirahure, safiro) kugira ngo bigabanye imiyoboro.
- Ubugari bw'ingufu ndende (Nanosecond): Ikwiriye gukata ibyuma, gusudira, n'ibindi bikorwa aho bikenewe kugira ngo ubushyuhe burusheho kwiyongera.
- Femtosecond Laser: Ikoreshwa mu kubaga amaso (nk'iya LASIK) kuko ishobora gukata neza ku buryo igabanya cyane ingingo ziyikikije.
- Imiterere migufi: Ikoreshwa mu kwiga inzira zihindagurika cyane, nko guhindagura kwa molekile n'ibikorwa bya shimi.
Ubugari bw'amapigo bugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya laser, nk'imbaraga zo hejuru (P)agasozi= ingufu z'imitsi/ubugari bw'imitsi. Uko ubugari bw'imitsi buba bugufi, niko imbaraga z'umuvuduko w'ingufu zimwe z'imitsi ziba nyinshi.) Bigira ingaruka kandi ku ngaruka z'ubushyuhe: ubugari bw'imitsi miremire, nka nanosegonda, bushobora gutera ubushyuhe kwirundanya mu bikoresho, bigatera kwangirika cyangwa gushonga k'ubushyuhe; ubugari bw'imitsi migufi, nka picosegonda cyangwa femtosegonda, butuma "gutunganya ibintu bikonje" hamwe n'uduce twagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe.
Ubusanzwe, fibre lasers zigenzura kandi zigahindura ubugari bw'amajwi hakoreshejwe uburyo bukurikira:
1. Q-Switching: Ikora imivuduko ya nanosecond ihindura buri gihe igihombo cya resonator kugira ngo itange imivuduko ifite ingufu nyinshi.
2. Mode-Locking: Ikora picosecond cyangwa femtosecond ultrashort pulses binyuze mu guhuza uburyo bwo mu gihe kirekire buri muri resonator.
3. Modulator cyangwa Ingaruka Zitari Ziri Zisanzwe: Urugero, gukoresha Nonlinear Polarization Rotation (NPR) mu migozi cyangwa mu byuma bigabanya ubushyuhe kugira ngo bikandagire ubugari bw'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-08-2025