Umutima wa Lazeri zikoresha semiconductor: Isuzuma ryimbitse rya Gain Medium

Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rya optoelectronic, laser za semiconductor zakoreshejwe cyane mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu itumanaho, ubuvuzi, gutunganya inganda, na LiDAR, bitewe n’ubushobozi bwazo bwo hejuru, ingano nto, no koroshya guhinduranya. Ishingiro ry’iri koranabuhanga ni uburyo bwo gukuramo umusaruro, bugira uruhare runini cyane. Bukora nk'uburyo bwo"isoko y'ingufu"ibyo bigatuma habaho ibyuka bishyushye no gukora laser, bikagena laser'imikorere, uburebure bw'umurambararo, n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha.

1. Uburyo bwo kunguka ni iki?

Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, uburyo bwo gukuramo umusaruro ni ibikoresho bitanga ubushobozi bwo kongera urumuri. Iyo bihutishijwe n’ingufu zo hanze (nk’amashanyarazi cyangwa imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi), byongera urumuri binyuze mu buryo bwo gukurura urumuri, bigatuma habaho gusohora urumuri rwa laser.

Muri laser za semiconductor, uburyo bwo gukuraho ubusanzwe bugizwe n'agace gakora ku ihuriro rya PN, aho imiterere y'ibikoresho, imiterere, n'uburyo bwo gukoresha doping bigira ingaruka ku bipimo by'ingenzi nka threshold current, emission wavelength, efficiency, n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe.

2. Ibikoresho Bihuriweho mu Gukoresha Ingufu muri Lazeri za Semiconductor

Imashini zikoresha ibice bya III-V ni zo zikoreshwa cyane mu gukusanya umusaruro. Ingero zisanzwe zirimo:

①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)

Bikwiriye imirasire ya laser muri 850–Ingano ya 980 nm, ikoreshwa cyane mu itumanaho ry’amajwi no gucapa hakoreshejwe laser.

②InP (Indium Phosphide)

Ikoreshwa mu gusohora imyuka mu migozi ya 1.3 µm na 1.55 µm, ikaba ari ingenzi mu itumanaho rya fibre-optic.

③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN

Imiterere yabo ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo igere ku burebure butandukanye bw'uburebure bw'urumuri, bityo ikaba ishingiro ry'ibishushanyo mbonera bya laser bihinduka bikagira uburebure bw'urumuri.

Ibi bikoresho ubusanzwe bifite imiterere itaziguye ya bandgap, bigatuma bikora neza cyane mu kongeramo electron-hole hamwe no gusohora photon, bikaba byiza gukoreshwa mu buryo bwo gukuramo laser ya semiconductor.

3. Iterambere ry'imiterere y'inyungu

Uko ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ryagiye ritera imbere, imiterere y’ibintu muri laser za semiconductor yahindutse kuva kuri homojunctions za mbere kugera kuri heterojunctions, ndetse no ku miterere ya quantum well na quantum dot.

①Heterojunction Gain Medium

Mu guhuza ibikoresho bya semiconductor n'icyuho gitandukanye, abatwara ibintu na fotoni bashobora kubikwa neza mu turere twabugenewe, bikongera ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.

②Imiterere y'amariba ya Quantum

Mu kugabanya ubunini bw'agace gakora kugeza ku gipimo cya nanometero, electron zishyirwa mu byiciro bibiri, byongera cyane imikorere myiza yo gusubiranamo imirasire. Ibi bituma habaho imirasire ya lazeri ifite umuvuduko muto kandi ikagira ubushyuhe buhamye.

③Imiterere y'udupira twa Quantum

Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwihuza, hakorwa uduce duto tw’ingufu, tugatanga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu mu buryo buhanitse. Utu duce dutanga imiterere yo kwiyongera no kudahindagurika kw’uburebure bw’umuraba, bigatuma tuba ahantu hakomeye mu bushakashatsi ku bikoresho bya laser bya semiconductor byo mu cyiciro gikurikiraho.

4. Ni iki ingengo y'imari ikoreshwa mu gukusanya inyungu igena?

①Uburebure bw'umuraba usohoka

Icyuho cy'ibikoresho ni cyo kigena laser'uburebure bw'umurambararo. Urugero, InGaAs ikwiriye lasers zegereye infrared, mu gihe InGaN ikoreshwa kuri lasers z'ubururu cyangwa violet.

②Ingufu n'Imikorere Myiza

Uburyo bwo kugenda kw'amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo gusubiranamo kw'amashanyarazi bidakoresha imirasire bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'impinduka z'amashanyarazi kuva ku ikoranabuhanga rijya ku rindi.

③Imikorere y'ubushyuhe

Ibikoresho bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mihindagurikire y'ubushyuhe mu buryo butandukanye, bigira ingaruka ku kwizerwa kwa laser mu nganda no mu bya gisirikare.

④Igisubizo cyo Guhindura Impinduka

Uburyo bwo gukura bugira ingaruka kuri laser'umuvuduko w'igisubizo, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu itumanaho ryihuse cyane.

5. Umwanzuro

Mu miterere igoye ya laser za semiconductor, uburyo bwo gukura ni bwo "mutima" wayo koko.—Ntibishinzwe gusa gukora laser, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku buzima bwayo, ku buryo ihora ihagaze, no ku mikorere yayo. Kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho kugeza ku miterere y'imiterere, kuva ku mikorere ya macroscopic kugeza ku mikorere ya microscopic, buri terambere mu buryo bwo gukusanya umusaruro rituma ikoranabuhanga rya laser rigera ku mikorere myiza, ikoreshwa ryagutse, no gushakisha mu buryo bwimbitse.

Bitewe n'iterambere rikomeje mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibikoresho bito, ikoranabuhanga ryo kongera umusaruro mu gihe kizaza ryitezweho kuzana urumuri rwinshi, uburebure bw'urumuri rwagutse, n'ibisubizo by'ubuhanga bya laser.—gufungura andi mahirwe menshi kuri siyansi, inganda, na sosiyete.