Umutima wa Semiconductor Lasers: Muri Ubujyakuzimu Reba Kunguka Hagati

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryikoranabuhanga rya optoelectronic, lazeri ya semiconductor imaze gukoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye nkitumanaho, ubuvuzi, gutunganya inganda, na LiDAR, bitewe nubushobozi bwabo buhanitse, ubunini bworoshye, kandi byoroshye guhinduranya. Intandaro yikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku nyungu ziciriritse, zifite uruhare runini rwose. Ikora nka“isoko y'ingufu”ituma imyuka ihumanya ikirere hamwe na laser, igena laser's imikorere, uburebure, hamwe nibisabwa.

1. Kwunguka Hagati ni iki?

Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, inyungu yunguka ni ibikoresho bitanga optique amplification. Iyo ishimishijwe ningufu zituruka hanze (nko gutera amashanyarazi cyangwa kuvoma optique), byongera urumuri rwibyabaye binyuze muburyo bwo gusohora ibyuka, biganisha kuri laser.

Muri lazeri ya semiconductor, uburyo bwo kunguka busanzwe bugizwe nakarere gakorera kumasangano ya PN, ibigize ibikoresho, imiterere, hamwe nuburyo bwa doping bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye nkibipimo byinjira, uburebure bwumuriro, gukora neza, nibiranga ubushyuhe.

2. Ibikoresho Byunguka Byinshi muri Semiconductor Lasers

III-V igizwe na semiconductor nibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane byunguka. Ingero zisanzwe zirimo:

①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)

Bikwiranye na lazeri zisohoka muri 850-980 nm intera, ikoreshwa cyane mubitumanaho bya optique no gucapa laser.

②InP (Indium Fosifide)

Byakoreshejwe mu gusohora imyuka ya 1,3 µm na 1.55 µm, ingenzi mu itumanaho rya fibre optique.

③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN

Ibihimbano byabo birashobora guhuzwa kugirango bigere ku burebure butandukanye, bigakora ishingiro ryibishushanyo mbonera bya laser.

Ibi bikoresho mubisanzwe biranga imiterere ya bandgap itaziguye, bigatuma ikora neza muguhuza electron-umwobo hamwe na fotone yoherejwe, nibyiza gukoreshwa muri semiconductor laser yunguka hagati.

3. Ubwihindurize bwuburyo bwunguka

Mugihe tekinoroji yo guhimba yateye imbere, kunguka ibyubaka muri lazeri ya semiconductor yagiye ihinduka kuva homojunctions hakiri kare ikagera kuri heterojunctions, ndetse ikagera no kuri kwant kwateye imbere neza hamwe na kwant dot iboneza.

①Heterojunction Yunguka Hagati

Muguhuza ibikoresho bya semiconductor hamwe na bande zitandukanye, abatwara na fotone barashobora gufungirwa neza mukarere kagenwe, kuzamura inyungu no kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije.

②Imiterere ya Quantum

Mugabanye umubyimba wakarere gakorera kurwego rwa nanometero, electron zifungirwa mubice bibiri, byongera cyane imikorere ya radiyoyasi. Ibi bisubizo muri laseri hamwe nu rugabano rwo hasi rwumubyigano hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro.

③Imiterere ya Quantum

Ukoresheje tekinike yo kwiteranya, nanostructures zeru-zero zirakorwa, zitanga imbaraga zikomeye zo gukwirakwiza. Izi nyubako zitanga inyungu ziyongereye ziranga hamwe nuburebure bwumurongo, bigatuma bakora ubushakashatsi bwibisekuruza bizaza-bizakorwa neza na semiconductor laseri.

4. Inyungu Hagati Yerekana Niki?

①Uburebure bw'ikirere

Igipande cyibikoresho kigena laser'Uburebure. Kurugero, InGaAs ikwiranye na lazeri hafi ya infragre, mugihe InGaN ikoreshwa kubururu cyangwa violet.

②Imikorere & Imbaraga

Kugenda kwabatwara nigipimo kitari imirasire yibikorwa bigira ingaruka nziza kuri optique-to-mashanyarazi.

③Imikorere yubushyuhe

Ibikoresho bitandukanye bisubiza ihinduka ryubushyuhe muburyo butandukanye, bigira ingaruka ku kwizerwa kwa laser mu nganda n’ingabo za gisirikare.

④Igisubizo cyo Guhindura

Kwunguka hagati bigira ingaruka kuri laser's umuvuduko wo gusubiza, ningirakamaro muburyo bwihuse bwo gutumanaho porogaramu.

5. Umwanzuro

Muburyo bugoye bwa lazeri ya semiconductor, uburyo bwo kunguka nukuri "umutima" wabwo-ntabwo ashinzwe kubyara laser gusa ahubwo no guhindura ubuzima bwayo, ituze, hamwe nibisabwa. Kuva mu guhitamo ibikoresho kugeza ku gishushanyo mbonera, kuva imikorere ya macroscopique kugeza kuri microscopique, buri kintu cyose cyagezweho munguka ni ugukoresha tekinoroji ya laser igana kumikorere myinshi, ikoreshwa ryagutse, nubushakashatsi bwimbitse.

Hamwe niterambere rigenda ryiyongera mubikoresho bya siyansi na tekinoroji ya nano-guhimba, biteganijwe ko inyungu zizaza ziteganijwe kuzana umucyo mwinshi, uburebure bwumurambararo mugari, hamwe nibisubizo byiza bya laser-gufungura byinshi bishoboka kubumenyi, inganda, na societe.