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    Ihame ry'ibanze n'ikoreshwa rya sisitemu ya TOF (Igihe cyo Guhaguruka)

    Iyandikishe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacu kugira ngo ubone ubutumwa bwihuse

    Uru rukurikirane rugamije guha abasomyi ubumenyi bwimbitse kandi burambuye kuri sisitemu ya Time of Flight (TOF). Ibikubiye muri iyi nyandiko bikubiyemo incamake yuzuye ya sisitemu za TOF, harimo ibisobanuro birambuye bya TOF itaziguye (iTOF) na TOF itaziguye (dTOF). Ibi bice bisesengura ibipimo bya sisitemu, ibyiza n'ibibi byayo, hamwe na algorithme zitandukanye. Iyi nkuru inasuzuma ibice bitandukanye bya sisitemu za TOF, nka Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), lenses zo kohereza no kwakira, sensors zo kwakira nka CIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, na circuits z'abashoferi nka ASICs.

    Intangiriro kuri TOF (Igihe cyo Guhaguruka)

     

    Amahame shingiro

    TOF, isobanura Igihe cyo Guhaguruka, ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu gupima intera hakoreshwa kubara igihe bifata kugira ngo urumuri rugere ku ntera runaka mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Iri hame rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bihe bya TOF by'urumuri kandi rirasobanutse neza. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo isoko y'urumuri itanga urumuri, igihe cyo gusohora cyanditswe. Uru rumuri ruhita rugaragara ku ntego, rufatwa n'icyuma gifata urumuri, hanyuma igihe cyo kwakira kiragaragara. Itandukaniro muri ibi bihe, rigaragazwa nka t, rigena intera (d = umuvuduko w'urumuri (c) × t / 2).

     

    Ihame ry'imikorere ya TOF

    Ubwoko bwa ToF Sensors

    Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze bwa sensors za ToF: optique na electromagnetic. sensors za ToF zikunze gukoreshwa cyane, zikoresha pulses z'urumuri, akenshi ziri mu ntera ya infrared, mu gupima intera. Izi pulses zisohoka muri sensor, zigasubiza ikintu, hanyuma zigasubira kuri sensor, aho igihe cy'urugendo gipimwa kandi kigakoreshwa mu kubara intera. Mu buryo bunyuranye, sensors za ToF zikoresha electromagnetic waves, nka radar cyangwa lidar, kugira ngo zipime intera. Zikora ku ihame rimwe ariko zikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwogupima intera.

    Porogaramu ya TOF

    Imikoreshereze ya ToF Sensors

    Sensoreri za ToF zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi kandi zashyizwe mu nzego zitandukanye:

    Robotike:Ikoreshwa mu gutahura inzitizi no kuziyobora. Urugero, robo nka Roomba na Boston Dynamics' Atlas zikoresha kamera za ToF mu gushushanya ibidukikije no gutegura ingendo.

    Sisitemu z'umutekano:Ibikoresho bizwi cyane mu kumenya ubwinjira bw'umuntu mu modoka, gutanga inzogera, cyangwa gukoresha sisitemu za kamera.

    Inganda z'imodoka:Yashyizwe muri sisitemu zifasha abashoferi mu kugenzura ingendo zo mu bwato no kwirinda impanuka, irushaho kwiyongera mu modoka nshya.

    Urwego rw'Ubuvuzi: Yakoreshejwe mu gupima no gusuzuma amashusho atari ay’invasive, nka optical coherence tomography (OCT), akora amashusho y’ingingo afite ubushobozi bwo hejuru.

    Ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa n'abaguzi: Ishyizwe muri telefoni zigendanwa, tableti, na mudasobwa zigendanwa kugira ngo imenye neza isura, igenzura ry’umubiri, no kumenya ibimenyetso by’umubiri.

    Indege zitagira abapilote:Ikoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu, kwirinda impanuka, no gukemura ibibazo by'ubuzima bwite n'iby'indege​

    Imiterere ya sisitemu ya TOF

    Imiterere ya sisitemu ya TOF

    Sisitemu isanzwe ya TOF igizwe n'ibice byinshi by'ingenzi kugira ngo ugere ku gupima intera nk'uko byasobanuwe:

    · Kohereza (Tx):Ibi birimo isoko y'urumuri rwa laser, cyane cyaneVCSEL, uruziga rw'umushoferi ASIC kugira ngo atware laser, hamwe n'ibice by'urumuri byo kugenzura imirasire nk'amatara ya collimating cyangwa ibintu by'urumuri bikwirakwiza urumuri, hamwe n'amafiriti.
    · Uwakira (Rx):Ibi bigizwe n'amabara y'indorerwamo n'amafiriti ku ruhande rwo kwakira amakuru, sensor nka CIS, SPAD, cyangwa SiPM bitewe na sisitemu ya TOF, na Poroseseri y'Ibimenyetso by'Ishusho (ISP) yo gutunganya amakuru menshi ava kuri chip yakira amakuru.
    ·Imicungire y'amashanyarazi:Gucunga nezaIgenzura ry’ubukonje bwa VCSEL na voltage nyinshi kuri SPAD ni ingenzi cyane, bisaba imicungire ikomeye y’ingufu.
    · Icyiciro cya Porogaramu:Ibi birimo porogaramu ya firmware, SDK, OS, n'urwego rwa porogaramu.

    Imiterere yerekana uburyo urumuri rwa laser, rukomoka kuri VCSEL kandi rugahindurwa n'ibice by'urumuri, runyura mu kirere, rukagaragara ku kintu, hanyuma rukagaruka kuri icyuma gifata amashusho. Ibarura ry'igihe muri ubu buryo rigaragaza amakuru y'intera cyangwa uburebure bw'umurambararo. Ariko, ubu buryo ntibukubiyemo inzira z'urusaku, nk'urusaku ruterwa n'izuba cyangwa urusaku rw'inzira nyinshi ruturuka ku mucyo, bizaganirwaho nyuma muri uru rukurikirane.

    Gushyira mu byiciro sisitemu za TOF

    Sisitemu za TOF zishyirwa mu byiciro ahanini hakurikijwe uburyo bwazo bwo gupima intera: TOF igororotse (dTOF) na TOF itaziguye (iTOF), buri imwe ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha ibikoresho na algorithm. Uru rutonde rubanza kugaragaza amahame yarwo mbere yo gusuzuma isesengura rigereranya ibyiza byazo, imbogamizi, n'ibipimo bya sisitemu.

    Nubwo ihame risa n’aho ryoroshye rya TOF - gusohora umuvuduko w'urumuri no kumenya uko rugaruka kugira ngo harebwe intera - ingorane ziri mu gutandukanya urumuri rugaruka n'urumuri rwo mu kirere. Ibi bikemurwa no gutanga urumuri ruhagije kugira ngo habeho igipimo cyo hejuru cy'urusaku hagati y'ibimenyetso n'urusaku no guhitamo uburebure bw'urumuri bukwiye kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka z'urumuri mu bidukikije. Ubundi buryo ni ugushyiraho uburyo urumuri rusohoka kugira ngo rugaragare neza iyo rugarutse, nk'uko ibimenyetso bya SOS bikoreshwa n'urumuri.

    Uruhererekane rukomeza kugereranya dTOF na iTOF, ruganira ku itandukaniro ryabyo, ibyiza byabyo, n'imbogamizi zabyo mu buryo burambuye, kandi rukomeza gushyira mu byiciro sisitemu za TOF hashingiwe ku buryo amakuru zitanga agoye, kuva kuri 1D TOF kugeza kuri 3D TOF.

    dTOF

    Direct TOF ipima mu buryo butaziguye igihe fotoni iguruka. Igice cyayo cy'ingenzi, Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), ifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya fotoni imwe. dTOF ikoresha Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) kugira ngo ipime igihe fotoni zigeze, yubaka histogram kugira ngo imenye intera ishoboka cyane hashingiwe ku nshuro nyinshi y'itandukaniro ry'igihe runaka.

    iTOF

    TOF itaziguye ibara igihe cyo kuguruka hashingiwe ku itandukaniro ry’icyiciro hagati y’imiterere y’imiraba isohoka n’iyakiriwe, ikunze gukoresha ibimenyetso by’umuraba uhoraho cyangwa impumuro. iTOF ishobora gukoresha imiterere isanzwe ya sensor y’ishusho, igapima ubukana bw’urumuri uko igihe kigenda.

    iTOF igabanyijemo kabiri modulation y'umuraba uhoraho (CW-iTOF) na modulation y'umuraba (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF ipima ihinduka ry'icyiciro hagati y'umuraba wa sinusoidal usohoka n'uwakiriwe, mu gihe Pulsed-iTOF ipima ihinduka ry'icyiciro ikoresheje ibimenyetso by'umuraba kare.

     

    Ibindi Bisomwa:

    1. Wikipedia. (nd). Igihe cyo kuguruka. Byakuwe murihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
    2. Itsinda rya Sony Semiconductor Solutions. (nd). ToF (Igihe cy'indege) | Ikoranabuhanga risanzwe rya Sensors z'amashusho. Byakuwe murihttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
    3. Microsoft. (2021, 4 Gashyantare). Intangiriro kuri Microsoft Time Of Flight (ToF) - Urubuga rwa Azure Depth. Byakuwe murihttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
    4. ESCATEC. (2023, Werurwe 2). Utumenyetso tw'igihe cyo guhaguruka (TOF): Incamake yimbitse n'ikoreshwa. Byakuwe murihttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications

    Kuva ku rubuga rwa interinetihttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/

    byanditswe n'umwanditsi: Chao Guang

     

    Icyitonderwa:

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