Iyandikishe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga kubera umwanya wihuse
Mu isi yahinduwe yihuta iteza imbere ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa rya lasers ryaguye cyane, rihindura inganda zikoreshwa nka laser gucamo laser, gusunika, kuranga, no kwerekana. Ariko, uku kwaguka kwashyizwe ahagaragara icyuho gikomeye cyo kumenya umutekano n'amahugurwa mubashinzwe umutekano hamwe nabakozi ba tekinike, gushyira ahagaragara abakozi benshi b'imbere mu misatsi ya laser batasobanukiwe n'ibibazo byabyo. Iyi ngingo igamije gutanga urumuri ku kamaro k'amahugurwa y'umutekano wa Laser, ingaruka z'ibinyabuzima za laser ihura na laser.
Gukenera kunegura amahugurwa yumutekano wa laser
Amahugurwa yumutekano wa Laser arakomeye kumutekano ukora no gukora neza kwa Laser gusukura kandi bisa na porogaramu bisa. Umucyo mwinshi, ubushyuhe, kandi imbaraga zishobora kwangiza mugihe cya laser prose ingaruka mbi. Amahugurwa yumutekano yigisha abashakashatsi n'abakozi mugukoresha neza ibikoresho byo kurinda (PPE), nko kurinda inkinzo zo mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa ingamba zo kwirinda amaso no ku ruhu.
Gusobanukirwa ingaruka za lander
Ingaruka z'ibinyabuzima za Lasers
Aba lajeri barashobora gutera ibiryo bikomeye, bisaba uburinzi bwuruhu. Ariko, impungenge zibanze ziryamye kubyangiritse. Ingaruka za Laser zirashobora kuganisha ku majyaruguru, acoustic, n'ingaruka za fotochemical:
Ubushyuhe:Umusaruro wubushyuhe no kwinjiza birashobora gutera kumurika uruhu n'amaso.
Acoustic: Shocksical Shocksicave irashobora kuganisha ku kwangirika kw'ibinyoma no ku byangiritse.
Ifoto: Uburebure bumwe bwo kuvangura imiti irashobora gutera imiti, birashoboka gutera agatsinsi, corneal cyangwa renal yaka, no kongera ibyago bya kanseri yuruhu.
Ingaruka zuruhu zirashobora kuva mu bushyuhe no kubabara kuri gahunda ya gatatu yaka, bitewe n'icyiciro cya Laser, igihe kinini, igipimo cy'isubiramo, n'umuhengeri, n'uburebure bwamasubiramo.
| Uburebure | Ingaruka ya Pathologi |
| 180-315nm (UV-B, UV-C) | Photokaratitis ni nkizuba, ariko bibaho kuri cornea yijisho. |
| 315-400NM (UV-A) | Ifoto ya Photochemical (Igicu cyijisho ryibanga) |
| 400-780nm (bigaragara) | Ifoto ya Photochemical kuri retina, izwi kandi nka Thinal yaka, ibaho iyo retina yakomeretse no guhura numucyo. |
| 780-1400NM (hafi-ir) | Cataract, gutwika resinal |
| 1.4-3.0μm (ir) | Ikirere cya Aqueous (proteyine mu gikwerusha), cataract, corneal gutwika Ikimenyetso cya karemanze nigihe poroteyine igaragara mu jisho rya eni. Cataracte ni igicu cya lens yijisho, kandi imitwe ya corneal yangiza cornea, hejuru yijisho ryijisho. |
| 3.0μm-1mm | Gutwika |
Kwangiza amaso, impungenge zambere, ziratandukanye zishingiye ku bunini bwabanyeshuri, pigmentiation, igihe kinini, nuburebure bwumuraba. Uburebure butandukanye bwibanze kunyura mumaso, biga kwangiza cornea, lens, cyangwa retina. Ubushobozi bwijisho bwibanda cyane bwongera cyane ubucucike bwingufu kuri retina, bigatuma habaho ibintu bike bihagije gutera ibyangiritse cyane, biganisha kubyerekezo cyangwa ubuhumyi.
Ingaruka z'uruhu
Laser yahuye nuruhu arashobora kuvamo gutwika, ibishishwa, ibisebe, no guhinduka pigment, bishobora gusenya tissue yisumbuye. Uburebure butandukanye bwumuyaga bwinjira kugirango dutandukanye mubujyakuzimu bwuruhu.
Umutekano wa Laser
GB72471.1-2001
GB727.1-2001, "Umutekano wibicuruzwa bya laser - Igice cya 1: Ibisabwa, hamwe nubuyobozi bwabakoresha," Ibisabwa, nubuyobozi kubakoresha ibicuruzwa bijyanye nibicuruzwa bya laser. Iri tegeko ryashyizwe mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2002, rigamije kurinda umutekano mu nzego zitandukanye aho ibicuruzwa bya laser bikoreshwa, nko mu nganda, ubucuruzi, imyidagaduro, ubushakashatsi, uburezi, uburezi, n'ubuvuzi. Icyakora, yasimbuwe na GB 7247.1-2012(Chineesterord) (Code y'Ubushinwa) (Bifungura).
GB18151-2000
GB18151-2000, izwi ku izina rya "Abashinzwe umutekano Izi ngamba zo gukingira harimo ibisubizo birebire kandi byigihe gito nkabirana ninkuta kugirango umutekano wemeze umutekano mugihe cyibikorwa. Ibipimo, byatanzwe ku ya 2 Nyakanga 2000, no gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku ya 2 Mutarama 2001, nyuma byasimbuwe na GB / T 18151-2008. Byasabye ibice bitandukanye bya ecran yo kurinda, harimo na ecran yumubone na Windows, bigamije gusuzuma no gutunganya imiterere yo kurinda aya mashusho (Code y'Ubushinwa) (Bifungura) (Antpeia).
GB18217-2000
GB18217-2000, "Ibimenyetso byumutekano bya Laser," Amabwiriza ya Laser Byari ngombwa kubicuruzwa bya laser hamwe nibicuruzwa bya laser byakozwe, bikoreshwa, kandi bibungabungwa. Iri tegeko ryashyizwe mu bikorwa ku ya 1 Kamena 2001, ariko kuva yarohamye na GB 2894-2008, "ibimenyetso by'umutekano n'umuyobozi n'umuyobozi ukoreshwa," guhera ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2009(Code y'Ubushinwa) (Bifungura) (Antpeia).
Ibikorwa byangiza ibyiciro
Lasers yashyizwe ahagaragara ashingiye ku kangimbo ku maso y'abantu n'uruhu. Inganda zifata inganda zisohora imirasire itagaragara (harimo na semiconductor lasers na cosers) ingaruka zikomeye. Ibipimo byumutekano bitondekanya sisitemu zose za laser, hamwefibre laserIbisubizo bikunze gushyirwa hagati yicyiciro cya 4, byerekana urwego rwo hejuru. Mubikurikira, tuzaganira ku cyiciro cyumutekano wa laser kuva icyiciro cya 1 kugeza kuri 4.
Icyiciro cya 1 cya laser
Icyiciro 1 Laser gifatwa nkumutekano kubantu bose gukoresha no kureba mubihe bisanzwe. Ibi bivuze ko utazababara ureba laser kuburyo butaziguye cyangwa binyuze mubikoresho bisanzwe nka telesikopes cyangwa microscopes. Ibipimo byumutekano reba ibi ukoresheje amategeko yihariye yukuntu hantu hake cyane kandi uko ugomba kuba ukwiye kubireba neza. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibyiciro 1 Abahiga bashobora kuba bibi baramutse biteje akaga niba ubireba mubirahure bikomeye cyane kuko ibyo bishobora kwegeranya urumuri rwa laser kuruta uko bisanzwe. Rimwe na rimwe, ibicuruzwa nka CD cyangwa DVD byanzwe nkurutonde 1 kuko bafite laser ikomeye imbere, ariko byakozwe muburyo bumwe mumucyo wangiza bushobora gusohoka mugihe cyo gukoresha buri gihe.
Icyiciro cyacu 1 Laser:Erbium Ikirahure, L1535 module
Icyiciro cya 1m Igicuruzwa cya laser
Icyiciro cya 1m muri rusange gifite umutekano kandi ntikizangiza amaso yawe muburyo busanzwe, bivuze ko ushobora kuyikoresha ntakurindwa bidasanzwe. Ariko, iyi mpinduka niba ukoresha ibikoresho nka microscopes cyangwa telesikope kugirango urebe uwakoze laser. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kwibanda kubitagenda neza kandi bikarushaho gukomera kuruta uko bigaragara. Icyiciro cya 1m Lazers gifite ibiti bigari cyane cyangwa bikwirakwira. Mubisanzwe, urumuri ruturuka kuri lasers ntirurenze urwego rwumutekano iyo rwinjiye mumaso yawe muburyo butaziguye. Ariko niba ukoresha optics zishimishije, barashobora kwegeranya urumuri rwinshi mumaso yawe, birashoboka ko batera ibyago. Rero, mugihe umucyo wa 1m Laser wa Laser wa Farse ufite umutekano, uyakoresheje optics zimwe zishobora gutuma ribitera, bisa nibyiciro byingaruka bya 3b lasers.
Icyiciro cya 2 cya laser
Icyiciro cya 2 laser ni umutekano wo gukoresha kuko ikora muburyo niba umuntu areba impanuka, reaction yabo yo guhumbya cyangwa kureba kure y'amatara yaka bizabarinda. Ubu buryo bwo kurinda bukora kugirango bugaragaze amasegonda 0.25. Aba lasers barimo ibintu bigaragara gusa, biri hagati ya 400 na 700 na kaneter muburebure. Bafite ubukungu bwa 1 Milliwatt (MW) niba basohora urumuri ubudahwema. Barashobora gukomera niba basohora urumuri munsi yamasegonda 0.25 icyarimwe cyangwa niba urumuri rwabo rwibanze. Ariko, kwirinda nkana guhumbya cyangwa kureba kure ya laser birashobora kuviramo kwangirika kumaso. Ibikoresho nkibimwe bya laser hamwe nibikoresho byo gupima intera ukoresheje ibyiciro 2.
Icyiciro cya 2m ibicuruzwa bya laser
Icyiciro cya 2m cyakozwe muri rusange gifatwa nkumutekano kumaso yawe kuberako yawe reflex yawe yuzuye, igufasha kwirinda kureba amatara yaka cyane. Ubu bwoko bwa laser, busa nicyiciro cya 1m, bisohora urumuri runini cyane cyangwa rukwirakwira vuba, bigabanya umubare wamaso yinjira mu munyeshuri mu nzego zizewe, nk'uko ishuri ribitangaza. Ariko, uyu mutekano ukoreshwa gusa niba udakoresha ibikoresho bya optique nkikirahure cyangwa telesikopi kugirango urebe laser. Niba ukoresha ibikoresho nkibi, barashobora kwibandaho urumuri rwa laser kandi gishobora kongera ibyago mumaso yawe.
Icyiciro cya 3r Igicuruzwa cya laser
Icyiciro cya 3r gisaba gukemura neza kuko nubwo gifite umutekano, urebye mu kibero gishobora guteza akaga. Ubu bwoko bwa laser burashobora gusohora urumuri rwinshi kuruta gufatwa neza rwose, ariko amahirwe yo gukomeretsa aracyafatwa nkuwe hasi niba witonda. Kubataka ushobora kubona (muri spectrum yoroheje), icyiciro cya 3r lasers kigarukira gusa kubisohoka byingufu za miliwatts (MW). Hariho imipaka itandukanye ya lasers yabandi burebure kandi kuri laserser, ishobora kwemerera amafaranga menshi mubihe byihariye. Urufunguzo rwo gukoresha icyiciro cya 3r Conser amahoro ni ukwirinda kureba igiti no gukurikiza amabwiriza yose yumutekano yatanzwe.
Icyiciro cya 3B Igicuruzwa cya Laser
Icyiciro cya 3b Greer birashobora guteza akaga niba bikubiye mu buryo butaziguye, ariko niba itara rya laser rikanda hejuru nkimpapuro, ntabwo ari bibi. Kugirango bikomeze kubiruka bikora murwego runaka (kuva 315 nanometero kugeza kuri kure), imbaraga ntarengwa zemewe ni kimwe cya kabiri cya Watt (0.5 w). Kubakoze iyo mpimuro kuri no kuzimya urumuri rugaragara (400 na 700 na 700), ntibagomba kurenga milijoules 30 (MJ) kuri pulse. Amategeko atandukanye arahari kuri lasers yubundi bwoko no kuri pawi ngufi cyane. Mugihe ukoresheje icyiciro cya 3b laser, mubisanzwe ukeneye kwambara ibirahuri birinda kugirango amaso yawe agire umutekano. Aba lasers nabo bagomba kugira urufunguzo rwibanze hamwe no gufunga umutekano kugirango birinde gukoresha kubwimpanuka. Nubwo icyiciro cya 3b lasers kiboneka mubikoresho nkabanditsi twa CD na DVD, ibi bikoresho bifatwa nkicyiciro cya 1 kuko laser ikubiye imbere kandi ntishobora guhunga.
Icyiciro cya 4 cya laser
Icyiciro cya 4 Laser ni ubwoko bukomeye kandi buteye akaga. Bakomeye kuruta amasomo ya 3b kandi barashobora kugirira nabi uruhu rwo gutwika cyangwa gutera amaso ahora ava mubiti, haba mu buryo butaziguye, cyangwa batatanye. Aba lasers barashobora no gutangira umuriro iyo bakubise ikintu cyaka. Kubera izi ngaruka, icyiciro cya 4 laser gisaba ibintu byumutekano bikabije, harimo urufunguzo rwingenzi n'umutekano. Bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda, siyanse, igisirikare, nubuvuzi. Kubakora ubuvuzi, ni ngombwa kumenya intera nuturere kugirango birinde ibyago byamaso. Ihanga ryinyongera rirakenewe kugirango ucunge kandi ugenzure urumuri kugirango wirinde impanuka.
Urugero rwa fibse ya fibse ya fibre kuva lumispot
Uburyo bwo kurinda ibyago bya laser
Dore ibisobanuro byoroshye byuburyo bwo kurinda neza ingaruka za laser, byateguwe ninshingano zitandukanye:
Kubakora laser:
Ntibagomba gutanga ibikoresho bya laser (nka laser yaciwe, harahebuje intoki, kandi ibikoresho byingenzi byumutekano nka Goggles, ibimenyetso byumutekano bikunze imikoreshereze, hamwe nibikoresho byamahugurwa. Ntabwo ari inshingano zabo kugirango abakoresha bafite umutekano kandi babimenyeshejwe.
Kubireba:
Gurinda ibyumba byo kurinda hamwe nibyumba byumutekano bya laser: Igikoresho cya laster cya laser kigomba kugira amazu yo kurinda kugirango abuze abantu guhura nimirasire ya laser.
Inzitizi n'umutekano inzibacyuho: Ibikoresho bigomba kugira inzitizi n'umutekano kugira ngo birinde guhura n'inzego za laser.
Abagenzuzi b'ingenzi: Sisitemu yashyizwe mu cyiciro cya 3b na 4 igomba kuba ifite abagenzuzi b'ingenzi kugirango bakubone uburyo bwo kubona no gukoresha, bugengwa umutekano.
Kubakoresha amaherezo:
Ubuyobozi: Abahiga bagomba gukorerwa bamwuga batojwe gusa. Abakozi badafite ubumwe ntibagomba kubikoresha.
Urufunguzo rwingenzi: Shyira imfunguzo zifatika kubikoresho bya laser kugirango barebe ko bashobora gukora gusa nurufunguzo, rwiyongera.
Kumurika no gushyira: Menya neza ibyumba hamwe na landers bifite itara ryinshi kandi ko laser ishyirwa muburebure n'impeta iririnda guhura n'amaso.
Ubuvuzi:
Abakozi bakoresheje icyiciro cya 3b na 4 lasers bagomba kwisuzumisha buri gihe kubakozi babishoboye kugirango umutekano wabo wemeze umutekano wabo.
Umutekano wa LaserAmahugurwa:
Abakora bagomba gutozwa ibikorwa bya sisitemu ya laser, uburinzi bwawe bwite, uburyo bwo kugenzura, gukoresha ibimenyetso byo kuburira, gutanga raporo, no gusobanukirwa ingaruka zibinyabuzima za laser ku maso no mu ruhu.
Ingamba zo kugenzura:
Igenzura cyane ikoreshwa rya laser, cyane cyane mubice abantu bahari, kugirango birinde guhunga impanuka, cyane cyane kumaso.
Burira abantu muri kariya gace mbere yo gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi kandi urebe ko buriwese yambara imyenda yo gukingira.
Kohereza ibimenyetso byo kuburira hamwe no hafi ya laser imirimo no kwinjizwa kugirango werekane ko hari ibyago bya laser.
Ibice byagenzuwe:
Kugabanya laser ikoreshwa muburyo bwihariye, bugenzurwa.
Koresha urugi n'umutekano kugirango wirinde kwinjira bitemewe, haza guharanira gukora niba imiryango ifunguye itunguranye.
Irinde hejuru yerekana hafi yinyuma kugirango birinde ibitekerezo byabyaye bishobora kugirira nabi abantu.
Gukoresha imiburo n'ibimenyetso by'umutekano:
Shira ibimenyetso byo kuburira hamwe na parike yo hanze no kugenzura ibikoresho bya laser kugirango yerekane ingaruka zishobora kwerekana neza.
Ibirango byumutekanoKubicuruzwa bya laser:
1. Ibikoresho byose bya laser bigomba kugira ibirango byumutekano byerekana umuburo, icyiciro cy'imirasire, kandi aho imirasire irasohoka.
2.Labels igomba gushyirwa aho bigaragara byoroshye utagaragara kumirasire ya laser.
Wambare ibirahuri byumutekano wa laser kugirango urinde amaso yawe kuri laser
Ibikoresho byo Kurinda Umuntu (PPE) kuri Laser Umutekano ukoreshwa nkububiko bwa nyuma mugihe Ubwubatsi nubuyobozi budashobora kugabanya ibintu neza. Ibi birimo ibirahure byimiryango n'imyambaro:
Ibirahure byumutekano bya laser birinda amaso yawe kugabanya imirasire ya laser. Bagomba kubahiriza ibyangombwa bifatika:
⚫ishisho kandi byanditseho ukurikije ibipimo by'igihugu.
Ubwoko bwa Laser, uburebure bwa laser, uburebure bwakazi, uburyo bwo gukora (bukomeza cyangwa buguruka), hamwe nubutaka.
Preselly yashyizweho ikimenyetso kugirango ifashe guhitamo ibirahuri byiza kuri laser yihariye.
Inkinzo n'ingabo ku ruhande bigomba no gutanga uburinzi.
Ni ngombwa gukoresha ubwoko bwiburyo bwikirahure cyumutekano kugirango urinde laser yihariye urimo ukorana, urebye ibiranga nibidukikije urimo.
Nyuma yo gukoresha ingamba z'umutekano, niba amaso yawe ashobora guhura nimirasire ya laser hejuru yumupaka, ugomba gukoresha ibirahuri birinda bihuye nuburebure bwa laser no kugira intungane nziza kugirango urinde amaso yawe.
Ntukishingikirize gusa ku bihure byumutekano; Ntuzigere ureba mu buryo butaziguye mu gihirahiro nubwo wambaye.
Guhitamo imyenda yo kurinda laser:
Tanga imyenda ikiringanijwe kubakozi bahura nimirasire hejuru yuburyo buremewe (MPE) kurwego rwuruhu; Ibi bifasha kugabanya uruhu.
Imyambarire igomba gutangwa mubintu birwanya umuriro no kurwanya ubushyuhe.
Intego yo gutwikira uruhu rushoboka hamwe nibikoresho byo gukingira.
Nigute ushobora kurinda uruhu rwawe kwangirika kwa laser:
Kwambara imyenda miremire ikozwe mubikoresho bya flame.
Mu turere tugenzurwa na laser gukoresha, shyiramo umwenda hamwe na panel ihagarika umutima bikozwe mu bikoresho byoroheje byashyizwe mu mirasire y'irabura cyangwa ubururu bwa silicon kuri uv imirasire no guhagarika umutima.
Ni ngombwa guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byihariye (PPE) kandi uyikoreshe neza kugirango umutekano ujye mugihe ukorana cyangwa hafi ya Lasers. Ibi birimo gusobanukirwa ingaruka zihariye zijyanye n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa laser hamwe no gufata comprehInzigo zikarirwa kugirango zirinde amaso nuruhu rubishobora kugirira nabi.
Umwanzuro n'incamake
Kwamagana:
- Turatangaza ko amwe mumashusho yerekanwe kurubuga rwacu yakusanyijwe kuri enterineti na Wikipedia, hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi no gusangira amakuru. Twubaha uburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge kubaremu bose. Gukoresha aya mashusho ntabwo bigenewe inyungu zubucuruzi.
- Niba wemera ko icyaricyo cyose cyakoreshejwe kirenga ku burenganzira bwawe, nyamuneka twandikire. Dufite ubushake bwo gufata ingamba zikwiye, harimo gukuraho amashusho cyangwa gutanga ikiranga gikwiye, kugirango tumenye amategeko n'amabwiriza y'ubwenge. Intego yacu ni ugukomeza urubuga rukungahaye kubirimo, ruboneye, kandi rwubaha abandi umutungo bwite wubwenge.
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Kohereza Igihe: APR-08-2024