Ibikoresho bya Laser byahindutse ibikoresho byingirakamaro mubice bitandukanye kuva siporo nubwubatsi kugeza mubushakashatsi bwa gisirikare nubumenyi. Ibi bikoresho bipima intera nibisobanuro bitangaje mugusohora laser pulses no gusesengura ibitekerezo byabo. Kugirango ushimire uko bakora, ni ngombwa gusenya ibice byabo byingenzi. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzareba ibice byingenzi bigize urutonde rwa laser ninshingano zabo mugutanga ibipimo nyabyo.
1. Laser Diode (Emitter)
Hagati ya buri laser rangefinder ni diode ya laser, itanga urumuri rwumucyo rukoreshwa mugupima. Ubusanzwe ikorera hafi ya-infragre (urugero, 905 nm cyangwa 1550 nm yumurambararo wa nm), diode isohora impiswi ngufi, yibanze yumucyo. Guhitamo uburebure buringaniye buringaniza umutekano (kurinda amaso yumuntu) nibikorwa mubihe bitandukanye bidukikije. Diode yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yemeza ko urumuri rukomeye, rukomeye kugirango rurerure.
2. Optical Lens Sisitemu
Sisitemu ya optique ikora imirimo ibiri yibanze:
- Gukusanya: Urumuri rwa lazeri rwasohotse ruragabanijwe kandi ruhujwe nigiti kibangikanye kugirango hagabanuke gutandukana kure.
- Kwibanda: Kumucyo wagarutse ugaragara, lens yibanda kuri fotone yatatanye kuri detector.
Urwego rwo hejuru rushobora gushiramo lens cyangwa guhinduranya ubushobozi bwo guhuza nubunini butandukanye cyangwa intera.
3. Photodetector (Kwakira)
Photodetector - akenshi ya fotodiode ya avalanche (APD) cyangwa PIN diode - ifata laser pulses igaragara. APDs ikundwa kumurongo muremure bitewe nubushobozi bwabo bukomeye hamwe nubushobozi bwo kongera ibimenyetso bidakomeye. Kurungurura urumuri rwibidukikije (urugero, urumuri rwizuba), optique ya bande ya filteri yinjizwa mubakira, byemeza gusa uburebure bwihariye bwa laser.
4. Igihe-cyo-Kuguruka (ToF) Umuzunguruko
Igihe-cyo-guhaguruka ni ubwonko inyuma yo kubara intera. Ipima igihe cyo gutinda hagati yimisemburo yasohotse nigaragaza ryagaragaye. Kubera ko urumuri rugenda ku muvuduko uzwi (~ 3 × 10⁸ m / s), intera ibarwa ukoresheje formula:
Ultra-yihuta-yigihe (hamwe nicyemezo muri picosekonds) ningirakamaro kuri milimetero-urwego rwukuri, cyane cyane mubikorwa bigufi.
5. Igice cyo gutunganya ibimenyetso
Amakuru mabi aturuka kuri fotodetector atunganywa na microcontroller cyangwa sisitemu ya signal (DSP). Iki gice cyungurura urusaku, cyishyura ibintu bidukikije (urugero, ikirere cyo mu kirere), kandi gihindura ibipimo mugihe cyo gusoma intera. Algorithm yateye imbere irashobora kandi gukoresha echo nyinshi (urugero, kwirengagiza amababi mugihe utera igiti).
6. Kwerekana no Gukoresha Imigaragarire
Indangantego nyinshi zigaragaza LCD cyangwa OLED yerekana kwerekana ibipimo, akenshi byongerwaho uburyo nko guhinduranya ahahanamye, gusikana guhoraho, cyangwa guhuza Bluetooth kugirango winjire mu makuru. Umukoresha winjiza - buto, ecran ya ecran, cyangwa imvugo izunguruka - yemerera kwihitiramo imikoreshereze yihariye, nka golf, guhiga, cyangwa gukora ubushakashatsi.
7. Amashanyarazi
Batiyeri yuzuye ishobora kwishyurwa (urugero, Li-ion) cyangwa selile zishobora gukoreshwa igikoresho. Ingufu zingirakamaro ni ingenzi, cyane cyane kubikorwa byintoki zikoreshwa mugusohoka hanze. Indangantego zimwe zirimo uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu kugirango wongere igihe cya bateri mugihe udakora.
8. Sisitemu yo guturamo no gushiraho
Amazu yagenewe kuramba na ergonomique, akenshi agaragaza ibikoresho birwanya amazi cyangwa ibikoresho bitangiza (IP amanota). Kugirango uhuze nibindi bikoresho (urugero, kamera, imbunda, cyangwa drone), uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho nka sope ya trapode cyangwa gari ya moshi ya Picatinny irashobora kubamo.
Uburyo Byose Bikorana
1. Laser diode isohora impiswi yerekeza kuntego.
2. Sisitemu ya optique iyobora urumuri kandi ikusanya ibitekerezo.
3. Photodetector ifata ibimenyetso byo kugaruka, iyungururwa kubera urusaku rwibidukikije.
4. Inzira ya ToF ibara igihe cyashize.
5. Utunganya ahindura umwanya kure kandi akerekana ibisubizo.
Umwanzuro
Uhereye kubisobanuro bya diode ya lazeri kugeza kurwego rwo hejuru rwo gutunganya algorithms, buri kintu kigizwe na laser rangefinder kigira uruhare runini mukumenya neza kandi kwizerwa. Waba uri golf ukina putt cyangwa injeniyeri ikora ikarita, gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bifasha muguhitamo igikoresho cyiza kubyo ukeneye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-18-2025