Gusobanukirwa ibice bigize laser rangefinder

Imashini zipima intera za laser zabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu mashami atandukanye kuva ku mikino no kubaka kugeza ku bushakashatsi bwa gisirikare no mu bya siyansi. Izi mashini zipima intera neza cyane binyuze mu gutanga imirasire ya laser no gusesengura ibitekerezo byazo. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe uburyo zikora, ni ngombwa kugabanya ibice by'ingenzi byazo. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzasuzuma ibice by'ingenzi bya laser rangefinder n'uruhare rwabyo mu gutanga ibipimo nyabyo.

1. Diode ya Laser (Emitter)

Mu mutima wa buri mashini ipima urumuri ya laser hari diode ya laser, ikora urumuri rufatika rukoreshwa mu gupima. Ubusanzwe ikora muri spectrum ya infrared (urugero: 905 nm cyangwa 1550 nm), diode itanga urumuri rugufi kandi rugaragara. Guhitamo uburebure bw'urumuri bipima umutekano (kurinda amaso y'abantu) n'imikorere mu bidukikije bitandukanye. Diode nziza zituma urumuri ruhoraho, ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo rukore neza mu ntera ndende.

2. Sisitemu y'ikirahuri cy'urumuri  

Sisitemu y'indorerwamo y'urumuri ikora imirimo ibiri y'ingenzi:

- Guteranya: Umurabyo wa laser usohoka uragabanuka kandi ugashyirwa mu murabyo ugororotse kugira ngo ugabanye gukwirakwira mu ntera.

- Kwibanda ku kintu: Ku rumuri rugaruka rugaragara, lenseri zishyira fotoni zitatanye ku cyuma gipima urumuri.

Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gushakisha ahantu hatandukanye bishobora kuba birimo lenzi zishobora guhindurwa cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kohereza amashusho kugira ngo bihuze n'ingano cyangwa intera zitandukanye.

3. Igikoresho cyo gupima amashusho (Receiver)

Imashini ipima urumuri—akenshi yitwa photodiode y’inkangu (APD) cyangwa PIN diode—ifata imivuduko ya laser igaragara. APD zikundwa gukoreshwa mu ntera ndende bitewe n’ubushobozi bwazo bwo kongera ibimenyetso bidakomeye. Kugira ngo ziyungurure urumuri rwo mu kirere (urugero, urumuri rw’izuba), filters za optique bandpass zishyirwa muri receiver, kugira ngo hamenyekane gusa uburebure bw’urumuri rwa laser.

4. Igihe cyo Gutembera mu Rugendo (ToF) 

Igihe cyo kuguruka ni bwonko bukoresha mu kubara intera. Bupima igihe cyo gutinda hagati y'umuvuduko w'amaraso usohoka n'ikirahure cyabonetse. Kubera ko urumuri rugenda ku muvuduko uzwi (~3×10⁸ m/s), intera ibarwa hakoreshejwe formula:

Ibipimo by'igihe bipima umuvuduko mwinshi cyane (bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora amashusho mu masegonda make) ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma milimetero ikora neza cyane cyane mu buryo bw'igihe gito.

5. Ishami rishinzwe gutunganya ibimenyetso

Amakuru y’ibanze ava muri foto detector atunganywa na microcontroller cyangwa digital signal processor (DSP). Iyi unit iyungurura urusaku, igakemura ibibazo by’ibidukikije (urugero: ikirere gihindagurika), kandi igahindura ibipimo by’igihe mu bipimo by’intera. Algorithm zigezweho zishobora kandi gufata amajwi menshi (urugero: kwirengagiza amababi iyo ureba igiti).

6. Icyerekanwa n'Ishusho ry'Umukoresha 

Inyinshi muri rangefinder zifite ecran ya LCD cyangwa OLED kugira ngo zerekane ibipimo, akenshi zongerwamo uburyo nko guhindura imiterere y’aho ibintu biherereye, gushakisha buri gihe, cyangwa guhuza na Bluetooth kugira ngo hamenyekane amakuru. Ibyuma bikoreshwa n’abakoresha—utubuto, ecran zo mu bwoko bwa ecran, cyangwa dial zizunguruka—bituma umuntu ahindura uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu runaka, nko gukina golf, guhiga, cyangwa gupima.

7. Itangwa ry'amashanyarazi

Bateri nto ishobora kongera gukoreshwa (urugero, Li-ion) cyangwa selile zikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe zitanga imbaraga kuri icyo gikoresho. Gukoresha ingufu neza ni ingenzi cyane cyane ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu ntoki bikoreshwa hanze. Hari uburyo bwo kugabanya ingufu bukoresha uburyo bwo kuzigama ingufu kugira ngo bwongere igihe bateri ikora mu gihe idakora.

8. Sisitemu zo Gutura no Gushyiraho

Iyo nzu yagenewe kuramba no gukora neza, akenshi ikaba ifite ibikoresho bidapfa amazi cyangwa bidashobora gushya (IP ratings). Kugira ngo ihuzwe n'ibindi bikoresho (urugero: kamera, imbunda, cyangwa drones), hashobora gushyirwamo amahitamo yo kuyishyiraho nka soketi za tripod cyangwa reli za Picatinny.

Uburyo Byose Bikorana

1. Diode ya laser yohereza umuvuduko w'amaraso ugana ku ntego.

2. Sisitemu y'urumuri iyobora urumuri kandi igakusanya urumuri.

3. Akamashini gapima foto gafata ikimenyetso cyo kugaruka, gasukuwe n'urusaku rwo mu kirere.

4. Inzira ya ToF ibara igihe cyashize.

5. Poroseseri ihindura igihe mu ntera ikerekana umusaruro.

Umwanzuro

Kuva ku buhanga bwa diode ya laser kugeza ku buhanga bwa algorithms zayo zo gutunganya, buri gice cya laser rangefinder gikora uruhare runini mu kwemeza ko ari ukuri no kwizerwa. Waba uri umukinnyi wa golf usuzuma putt cyangwa injeniyeri mu gushushanya imiterere y'ubutaka, gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bifasha mu guhitamo igikoresho gikwiye ibyo ukeneye.