Gukuraho Ubudahangarwa bwa Semiconductor: Igipimo cy'ingenzi cyo kugenzura imikorere

Mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho na optoelectronics, ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigira uruhare rudasimburwa. Kuva kuri telefoni zigendanwa na radar y'imodoka kugeza kuri laser zo mu rwego rw'inganda, ibikoresho bya semiconductor biri hose. Mu bipimo byose by'ingenzi, resistivity ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ingenzi byo gusobanukirwa no gushushanya imikorere y'ibikoresho bya semiconductor.

1. Ubudahangarwa ni iki?

Ubudahangarwa ni ingano ifatika ipima uburyo ikintu kirwanya cyane urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi, ubusanzwe rugaragara muri santimetero ohm (Ω·cm). Igaragaza "ubudahangarwa" bw'imbere electrons zihura nabwo iyo zinyuze mu bikoresho. Ibyuma muri rusange bifite ubudahangarwa buke cyane, insulators zifite ubudahangarwa buke cyane, kandi semiconductors ziba hagati yazo—hamwe n'inyungu yo kongeraho ubudahangarwa bushobora guhindurwa. Ubudahangarwa ρ = R * (L / A), aho: R ari ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi, A ni agace k'igice cy'ibikoresho, L ni uburebure bw'ibikoresho.

2. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kudashobora kwa semiconductor

Bitandukanye n'ibyuma, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu bya semiconductor ntabwo buhinduka. Biterwa n'ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi:
① Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho: Ibikoresho bitandukanye bya semiconductor nka silicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), na indium fosfide (InP) bifite agaciro gatandukanye k'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.
② Gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe: Gushyiramo imiti igabanya ubushyuhe (nk'uburone cyangwa fosifore) ku bwoko butandukanye n'ibipimo byayo bihindura ibipimo byayo, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo idashobora kugerwaho n'ubushyuhe.
③ Ubushyuhe: Ubushobozi bwo gupima ubushyuhe bushingiye cyane ku bushyuhe. Uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ni ko ubwinshi bw'umukoresha bwiyongera, muri rusange bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gupima bugabanuka.
④ Imiterere n'Inenge za Kristali: Inenge mu miterere ya kristu—nk'ihindagurika cyangwa inenge—zishobora kubangamira ubwikorezi bw'ikirahure bityo zigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kugikemura.

3. Uburyo Resistance igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'igikoresho

Mu bikorwa bifatika, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingufu bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, umuvuduko w'ingufu, ndetse no kudahungabana mu mikorere. Urugero:

Muri diode za laser, ubushobozi bwo gushyuha cyane butuma habaho ubushyuhe bukabije, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'urumuri n'igihe igikoresho kimaze.

Mu bikoresho bya RF, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingufu butuma habaho guhuza neza impedance no kunoza uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso.

Mu bikoresho bipima urumuri, ibikoresho bipima urumuri cyane akenshi ni ingenzi kugira ngo amashanyarazi yijimye agere ku muvuduko muke.
Kubwibyo, igishushanyo mbonera n'igenzura ryimbitse ry'ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi mu buhanga bw'ibikoresho bya semiconductor.

4. Ingano zisanzwe zo guhangana n'inganda (Agaciro k'inyongera)

Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bwo kwirinda (Ω·cm)
Silikoni y'imbere (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
Silikoni ifite dope (ubwoko bwa n/ubwoko bwa p) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (irinda ubushyuhe) ~ 10⁻³
Fosifide y'indimu (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²

5. Umwanzuro

Ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi si ikintu cy'ingenzi gusa—ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere n'ubwizerwe bw'ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Muri Lumispot, tunoza uburyo bwo kudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhitamo ibikoresho, ubuhanga bwo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, no kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho byacu kugira ngo dukore neza kandi tudahungabana mu buryo burambye mu buryo butandukanye.

6. Ibyerekeye Twe

Lumispot ni ikigo cy’inzobere mu iterambere no gukora ibikoresho bya laser za semiconductor zikora neza cyane hamwe n’ibikoresho bya optoelectronic. Dusobanukiwe uruhare runini rw’ibikoresho nk’ubudahangarwa mu mikorere y’ibicuruzwa. Twandikire kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bijyanye no kugenzura ubudahangarwa, ibikoresho bya semiconductor byihariye, hamwe n’ibisubizo byo gushushanya laser bihuye n’ibyo ukeneye.