Mu rwego rwa laser zifite imbaraga nyinshi, laser bar ni ingenzi cyane. Ntabwo zikora nk'ibice by'ibanze by'ingufu zisohoka gusa, ahubwo zigaragaza ubwiza n'ubuhanga bugezweho mu by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.—Ibyo byatumye bamenyekana nk'izina ry'irihimbano: "moteri" ya sisitemu za laser. Ariko se imiterere ya laser bar ni iyihe, kandi ni gute itanga watts icumi cyangwa amagana z'umusaruro uva muri milimetero nke gusa? Iyi nkuru irasuzuma imiterere y'imbere n'amabanga y'ubuhanga inyuma y'ibyuma bya laser bar.
1. Akabari ka Laser ni iki?
Umugozi wa laser ni igikoresho gitanga urumuri rwinshi kigizwe n'udupira twinshi twa laser diode dushyizwe ku ruhande rumwe. Nubwo ihame ryacyo rikora risa n'iry'umugozi umwe wa laser semiconductor, umugozi wa laser ukoresha imiterere ya multi-emitter kugira ngo ugere ku mbaraga nyinshi z'urumuri n'imiterere mito.
Utwuma twa laser dukoreshwa cyane mu nganda, ubuvuzi, siyansi, n'ubwirinzi, haba nk'isoko ya laser itaziguye cyangwa nk'isoko ya pompe ya fiber laser na solid-state lasers.
2. Imiterere y'Umugozi wa Laser
Imiterere y'imbere y'icyuma cya laser ni yo igena imikorere yacyo. Igizwe ahanini n'ibice by'ingenzi bikurikira:
①Emitters Array
Uduti twa laser ubusanzwe tuba tugizwe n'uduti 10 kugeza ku 100 (imiyoboro ya laser) dutondetse iruhande. Buri duti 50–150μUbugari bwa m kandi bukora nk'akarere kigenga gatanga umusaruro, gafite aho PN ihurira, aho igaragara, n'imiterere y'umuraba kugira ngo itange kandi itange urumuri rwa laser. Nubwo imirasire yose isangiye substrate imwe, akenshi itwarwa n'amashanyarazi mu bice bimwe cyangwa mu duce dutandukanye.
②Imiterere y'Urutonde rwa Semiconductor
Mu mutima w'icyuma cya laser hari urukuta rw'ibice bya semiconductor, birimo:
- Uduce twa epitaxial two mu bwoko bwa P na N (dukora aho PN ihurira)
- Urwego rukora (urugero, imiterere y'amazi ya quantum), rutanga imyuka ishyushye
- Urugendo rw'umuraba, rugenzura uburyo bwo kugenzura icyerekezo mu cyerekezo cyo ku ruhande n'icy'ubuhagarike
- Bragg reflectors cyangwa HR / AR coatings, byongerera imbaraga laser isohora icyerekezo
③Imiterere y'imicungire y'ubushyuhe n'iy'ubutaka
Utu duce duto duhingwa ku gice cy’ingufu cya monolithic semiconductor (cyane cyane GaAs). Kugira ngo ubushyuhe bushobore gukwirakwira neza, umugozi wa laser ushyirwa ku bikoresho binini nka umuringa, W-Cu alloy, cyangwa CVD diamond, kandi bigahuzwa n’udukoresho dushyushya hamwe n’uburyo bukonjesha.
④Sisitemu yo gusohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'uburyo bwo kuyikwirakwiza
Bitewe n'inguni nini z'imirasire isohoka, imirasire ya laser ikunze gushyirwamo imirasire mito (FAC / SAC) yo guhuza no gushushanya imirasire. Kuri zimwe mu porogaramu, optique y'inyongera—nk'indorerwamo z'urukiramende cyangwa prismu—bikoreshwa mu kugenzura itandukaniro ry’imirasire n’ubwiza bw’imirasire.
3. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere
Imiterere y'icyuma cya laser igira uruhare runini mu kugena uburyo gihamye, imikorere myiza, n'igihe gikoreshwa. Hari ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi birimo:
①Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imicungire y'ubushyuhe
Uduti twa laser dufite ubucucike bwinshi bw'ingufu n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubudahangarwa buke bw'ubushyuhe ni ngombwa, bugerwaho binyuze mu gusoda kwa AuSn cyangwa gufunga indium, hamwe no gukonjesha imiyoboro mito kugira ngo ubushyuhe busenyuke neza.
②Gushushanya no Kuboneza imirasire
Imashini nyinshi zitanga urumuri zikunze kugira ikibazo cyo kudahuza neza no kudahuza neza kw'amatara. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'indorerwamo n'uburyo zifata urumuri neza ni ingenzi mu kunoza ubwiza bw'imirasire y'urumuri rwa kure.
③Kugenzura Imihangayiko no Kwizerwa
Ubudasa bw'ibikoresho mu miterere y'ubushyuhe bushobora gutera kugorama cyangwa kwangirika. Gupfunyika bigomba gukorwa kugira ngo bikwirakwize imbaraga za mekanike neza kandi bihangane n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ritangiritse.
4. Ingendo z'ejo hazaza mu gushushanya utubari twa laser
Uko icyifuzo cy'ingufu nyinshi, ingano nto, no kwizerwa kurushaho kigenda cyiyongera, imiterere y'icyuma cya laser ikomeza gutera imbere. Amabwiriza y'ingenzi y'iterambere arimo:
①Kwagura Uburebure bw'Umuraba: Kugera kuri 1.5μimigozi ya m na mid-infrared
②Miniaturization: Ifasha mu gukoresha ibikoresho bito n'ibikoresho bihujwe cyane
③Gupakira neza: Gushyiramo uburyo bwo gusuzuma ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo gusubiza uko ibintu bimeze
④Gushyira hamwe ibintu mu buryo bw'ubucucike bwinshi: Imiterere y'ibice byashyizwemo ibice kugira ngo bigere ku musaruro wa kilowati mu buryo buciriritse
5. Umwanzuro
Nk'uko"umutima"Mu bijyanye na sisitemu za laser zifite imbaraga nyinshi, imiterere y’imirongo ya laser igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku mikorere y’urumuri, amashanyarazi, n’ubushyuhe bw’urumuri muri rusange. Gushyiramo imiyoboro myinshi mu buryo bwa milimetero imwe gusa ntabwo bigaragaza gusa ubuhanga buhanitse bw’ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bwo gukora, ahubwo binagaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rwo guhuza muri iki gihe.'inganda z'amafoto.
Mu gihe urebye imbere, uko icyifuzo cy'amasoko ya laser meza kandi yizewe gikomeje kwiyongera, udushya mu miterere ya laser bar tuzakomeza kuba ingenzi mu guteza imbere inganda za laser ku ntera nshya.
Niba'Turashaka ubufasha bw'inzobere mu gupakira imigozi ya laser, gucunga ubushyuhe, cyangwa guhitamo ibicuruzwa, twandikire.'Turi hano kugira ngo dutange ibisubizo byihariye bihuye n'ibyo ukeneye mu buryo bwihariye bwo gusaba serivisi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-02-2025