Igishushanyo cya Laser ni igikoresho kigezweho gikoresha umuraba wa laser ukomeye cyane kugira ngo kigaragaze intego. Gikoreshwa cyane mu gisirikare, mu bushakashatsi, no mu nganda, kandi kigira uruhare runini mu mikoreshereze ya gisirikare igezweho. Mu kumurika intego ukoresheje umuraba wa laser usobanutse neza, ibikoresho bya laser byemerera intwaro zitandukanye ziyobowe gukurikirana no gukubita intego neza. Muri sisitemu yo kurasa neza muri iki gihe, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bya laser ryongera cyane imikorere myiza y'imirwano n'ubunyangamugayo bw'ingabo. Hasi hari incamake irambuye ku bikoresho bya laser.
1. Ihame ry'imikorere
Ihame ry'ibanze ry'imikorere y'icyuma gishushanya laser ni ugusohora urumuri rwa laser rwibanda cyane ku gace k'intego. Laser ikunze kuba mu bunini bw'uburebure bwa infrared, bigatuma itagaragara ku maso, bityo igakomeza kwihisha mu buryo bw'amayeri. Urumuri rutangwa n'icyuma gishushanya laser rubonwa n'ibyuma bipima intwaro nk'ibisasu biyoborwa na laser cyangwa misile. Ibi bipima bishobora kumenya ikimenyetso cya laser cyagaragaye no kuyobora intwaro yerekeza ku cyerekezo cy'icyuma kugira ngo gikubite intego.
2. Ibice by'ingenzi
Ibice by'ingenzi bya laser designator birimo ibi bikurikira:
- Umuyoboro wa Laser: Iki gice gitanga urumuri rwa laser rwibanda cyane. Ibyuma bishushanya laser bikunze gukora mu isanzure ry’uburebure bwa NIR (NIR), hafi nanometero 1064. Ubu bushobozi bwo kwinjira no gutahura ibintu mu ntera ndende, bigatuma biba byiza ku bitero birebire.
- Sisitemu y'Itara: Iyi sisitemu yibanda ku murasi wa laser kandi igahindura icyerekezo cyayo. Sisitemu y'Itara igenzura ko umurasi wa laser ugera neza ku gace k'ingenzi, yirinda gutakaza ingufu no gukomeza imbaraga z'umurasi. Hari ibikoresho bya laser bifite sisitemu y'Itara ishobora guhindurwa, bigatuma umukoresha ashobora guhindura uburyo umurasi akwirakwiramo n'ubukana bw'umurasi bitewe n'ibyo akeneye mu mikorere itandukanye.
- Sisitemu yo Gushushanya Intego: Ibi bikunze kuba birimo kureba ibintu, telesikope, cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwerekana kuri laser. Izi sisitemu zifasha abakoresha kwerekeza neza ku bintu bigomba kwerekezwaho, bakareba neza ko urumuri rwa laser rureba intego. Ibikoresho bya laser bigezweho bishobora gushyiramo sisitemu zo kubungabunga ikirere zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zikemura ikibazo cy'imitingito y'intoki cyangwa imitingito iterwa n'ibinyabiziga bigenda, bityo bikanoza uburyo bwo kwerekana intego.
- Ingufu: Ingufu zitanga ingufu zikenewe ku gishushanyo cya laser. Muri rusange, bateri zishobora kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa amasoko y'ingufu yo hanze. Igihe bateri imara ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwitabwaho, cyane cyane ku butumwa bumara igihe kirekire cyangwa uburyo bw'ingufu nyinshi.
3. Porogaramu
Ibyuma bishushanya imirasire bikoreshwa mu nzego zitandukanye, harimo iza gisirikare, ubugenzuzi, n'inganda:
- Imikoreshereze ya Gisirikare: Ibyuma bishushanya imbunda bifite uruhare rudasimburwa mu bikorwa bya gisirikare bya none. Bikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kurasa neza, bigatuma indege z'intambara, indege zitagira abapilote, n'ingabo zirwanira ku butaka zigaragaza intego z'umwanzi. Ibisasu biyoborwa na laser, misile (nk'uruhererekane rwa Paveway), n'ibisasu bishobora gufatana ku ntego binyuze mu bimenyetso bya laser bitangwa n'uwabigennye, bigatuma ibitero nyabyo ku bikorwa remezo by'ingenzi by'umwanzi cyangwa ku ntego zigenda. Ugereranyije n'intwaro gakondo, sisitemu ziyobowe neza zihujwe n'ibyuma bishushanya imbunda bifite imbunda byongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kurasa, bigabanya ibyangiritse n'impfu z'abaturage.
- Gupima no Gushyira Ahantu: Mu bikorwa bya gisivili, ibikoresho bya laser bikoreshwa mu gukora imirimo yo gupima no gushyira ahantu. Bishobora gupima no gushyira ahantu mu ntera ndende, bigafasha abapima mu kumenya neza ahantu nyaburanga mu turere tunini cyangwa tugoye. Ibikoresho bya laser bikoreshwa kandi muri sisitemu ya LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) kugira ngo bifashe mu gukora amakarita ya 3D topographical anonymous, akoreshwa cyane mu igenamigambi ry'imijyi, ubwubatsi, no gushakisha umutungo.
- Imikoreshereze y'Inganda: Mu nganda zikora ibikoresho byikora, ibikoresho bishushanya imirasire bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kugaragaza neza, cyane cyane mu mikorere yo gutunganya no guteranya neza. Bishobora kugaragaza aho ibice biherereye cyangwa aho binyura, bigatuma imashini zikurikiza inzira yagenwe. Kuba ibikoresho bishushanya imirasire bitakora bituma biba byiza mu bikorwa bikorerwa mu bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa mu buryo bwihuse, nko gutunganya ibyuma cyangwa guteranya ibice by'ikoranabuhanga.
4. Ibyiza
Imashini zishushanya imirasire ya laser zitanga inyungu nyinshi mu mikoreshereze ifatika:
- Ubuhanga bwo hejuru: Ubuyobozi bwo hejuru bw'urumuri rwa laser n'icyerekezo cyarwo bitanga ubushobozi bwo gukubita no gupima neza cyane mu ntera ndende. Ibi ni ingenzi mu bitero bya gisirikare no gutunganya neza mu nganda.
- Gusubiza byihuse: Ibyuma bishushanya laser bishobora gushyira ikimenyetso ku ntego ako kanya, mu buryo bworoshye bwo gukora no gusubiza byihuse, bigatuma biba byiza ko bishyirwa mu bikorwa byihuse, cyane cyane mu turere tw’imirwano duhinduka cyangwa tugoye.
- Uburiganya: Kubera ko abashushanya laser bakunze gukoresha uburebure bw'imirasire ya infrared, urumuri rwa laser ntirugaragara ku maso. Ubu bushobozi bwo kwihisha bubuza aho umukozi aherereye kugaragara mu gihe cy'ibikorwa, bigabanya ibyago byo gufatirwa ingamba zo kurwanya umwanzi.
5. Imbogamizi n'imbogamizi
Nubwo zikoreshwa cyane haba mu gisirikare no mu nzego za gisivili, abashushanya imirasire ya laser bahura n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu mikoreshereze nyayo:
- Ingaruka z'ikirere: Imikorere y'imirasire ya laser ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'ikirere. Mu gihe cy'igihu, imvura, cyangwa urubura, imirasire ya laser ishobora gukwirakwira, guhindagurika, cyangwa guhinduka. Ibi bishobora kugabanya cyane ubushobozi bw'uwagennye iyo miterere mu gukubita cyangwa gupima.
- Ingufu zikoreshwa: Imashini zikoresha lazeri zikenera ingufu nyinshi kugira ngo zigumane imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'ibikorwa birebire cyangwa mu buryo bw'ingufu nyinshi. Kubwibyo, igihe batiri imara kiba ikintu kidakora neza mu butumwa bw'igihe kirekire.
6. Ubwoko busanzwe
Ibyuma bishushanya imirasire ya laser bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bikoreshwa n'imiterere yabyo:
- Ibiranga imbunda bya Lazeri bitwarwa: Ibi ni imiterere mito kandi yoroheje ikunze gukoreshwa n'ingabo zirwanira ku butaka. Bishobora gufatwa mu ntoki cyangwa gushyirwa ku ntwaro zoroheje, bigaha abasirikare bari ku rugamba ubushobozi bwo kumenya intego, cyane cyane mu butumwa bw'abasirikare cyangwa ibikorwa by'intambara bito.
- Ibiranga indege zikoresha imirasire ya laser: Ibi bishyirwa ku ndege nk'indege z'intambara cyangwa indege zitagira abapilote kandi bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwerekana intego zituruka mu kirere kugera ku butaka no mu butumwa bwo kurasa. Bishobora kugaragaza intego ziturutse ku butaka ziri ahantu hirengeye kandi bigakoresha intwaro ziyobowe neza mu bitero birebire, bikunze gukoreshwa mu bitero bya gisirikare cyangwa mu buryo bwo gushyigikira urugamba.
- Ibikoresho bya Laser bishyirwa ku modoka/ubwato: Ibi bishyirwa ku bikoresho biremereye nk'ibinyabiziga bifite intwaro, ibifaru, cyangwa amato, kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa binini bya gisirikare. Bitanga ikimenyetso nyacyo cy'intego no gushyigikira aho intwaro nini ziherereye.
7. Inzira z'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Bitewe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser, urwego n'imikorere by'abashushanya laser bikomeje kwaguka. Mu gihe kizaza, abashushanya laser bashobora kubona iterambere rikomeye mu nzego zikurikira:
- Imikorere myinshi: Abashushanya laser mu gihe kizaza bashobora gushyiramo izindi nshingano nko gushakisha ahantu hatandukanye no kumenya intego, bagatanga inkunga yuzuye mu mikorere no kunoza imikorere y'abasirikare n'intwaro.
- Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rito no gutwara ibintu: Uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere, ibikoresho bya laser bizajya byoroha kandi bito, bityo byorohere abasirikare gutwara no gukoresha vuba, bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo by’intambara.
- Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya gucika kw'imirasire: Ku bibuga by'intambara bya none, abashushanya imirasire ya laser bahura n'ikibazo cyo gucika kw'imirasire ya laser n'ingamba zo kubirwanya ziturutse ku mwanzi. Abashushanya imirasire ya laser y'ejo hazaza bazaba bafite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya gucika kw'imirasire kugira ngo barebe ko ari inyangamugayo mu bidukikije bigoye cyane.
Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikoranabuhanga rya none rya gisirikare, abashushanya imirasire ya laser bazagira uruhare runini mu bintu bitandukanye, bakagira uruhare mu gutera neza no gukoresha ibintu byinshi mu buryo butandukanye.
Lumispot
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 14 Ukwakira 2024