Iyandikishe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacu kugira ngo ubone ubutumwa bwihuse
Intangiriro: Isi Imurikiwe na Lazeri
Mu muryango w’abahanga mu bya siyansi, udushya twahinduye uburyo tubona ibintu n’imikoranire yacu n’isanzure turubaha. Laser ni kimwe mu bihangano bikomeye, byinjira mu bintu byinshi bigize ubuzima bwacu, kuva ku buvuzi kugeza ku miyoboro y’ibanze y’itumanaho ryacu rya elegitoroniki. Ikintu cy’ingenzi mu buhanga bwa laser ni ikintu kidasanzwe: ikirahure gikozwe muri erbium. Ubu bushakashatsi buhishura siyansi ishishikaje ishingiye ku kirahure cya erbium n’ikoreshwa ryacyo rinini mu guhindura isi yacu ya none (Smith & Doe, 2015).
Igice cya 1: Ishingiro ry'Ikirahure cya Erbium
Gusobanukirwa Erbium Glass
Erbium, kimwe mu bigize uruhererekane rw'ibintu bidasanzwe, kiba mu gice cya f cy'imbonerahamwe y'ibipimo. Gushyirwa mu birahuri bitanga imiterere itangaje y'urumuri, bigahindura ikirahuri gisanzwe kikaba igikoresho gikomeye gishobora gukoresha urumuri. Iki kirahuri kizwi n'ibara ry'umutuku wijimye, ni ingenzi mu kongera urumuri, kikaba ingenzi mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'ikoranabuhanga (Johnson & Steward, 2018).
Er, Yb:Fosfeti Ikirahure
Guhuza Erbium na Ytterbium mu kirahuri cya fosfeti ni byo bigize urufatiro rw'ibikorwa bya laser, bigaragazwa n'igihe kirekire cy'ingufu 4 I 13/2 hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu kuva kuri Yb kugera kuri Er.. Kristali ya Er, Yb ya aluminiyumu ya Yttrium (Er, Yb: YAB) ni ubundi buryo busanzwe bwo gusimbura ikirahuri cya fosfeti cya Er, Yb.Iyi miterere ni ingenzi cyane kuri lasers zikora muri "umutekano w'amaso" 1.5-1.6μm spectrum, bigatuma iba ingenzi mu nzego zitandukanye z'ikoranabuhanga (Patel & O'Neil, 2019).
Ikwirakwizwa ry'urwego rw'ingufu rwa Erbium-Ytterbium
Ibiranga by'ingenzi:
Igihe cy'ingufu cyagutse cya 4 I 13/2
Kongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura ingufu za Yb kuva kuri Er
Imiterere yuzuye y’uburyo bwo kwinjiza no gusohora imyuka
Akamaro ka Erbium
Guhitamo kwa Erbium byakozwe ku bushake, biyobowe n'imiterere ya atome ituma urumuri rufata neza kandi rukagira uburebure bw'umurambararo. Ubu buryo bwo kumurikira urumuri ni ingenzi cyane mu gutanga imyuka ikomeye kandi nyayo ya laser.
Ibyuma bya laser bigaragaza umubano mwiza uri hagati ya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, ibi bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy'ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukoresha amategeko agenga fiziki mu mishinga y'ingenzi. Aha, ibyuma by'ubutaka budasanzwe, cyane cyane erbium (Er) na ytterbium (Yb), bifite uruhare runini bitewe n'imiterere yabyo idasanzwe yo mu kirere.
Erbium, 68Er
Igice cya 2: Ikirahure cya Erbium mu ikoranabuhanga rya laser
Gusesengura ubukanishi bwa laser
Mu by’ukuri, laser ni igikoresho gikoresha imbaraga z’urumuri binyuze mu kongera urumuri, bitewe n’imyitwarire ya electron muri atome zimwe na zimwe, harimo na erbium. Izi electron, iyo zimaze gufata ingufu, zizamuka zikagera ku "muco wo kwishima", hanyuma zigasohora ingufu nk'uduce tw’urumuri cyangwa fotoni, inkingi y’imikorere ya laser.
Ikirahure cya Erbium: Umutima wa sisitemu ya laser
Amplifiers za fibre zikozwe muri Erbium(EDFAs) ni ingenzi mu itumanaho ku isi yose, byorohereza kohereza amakuru mu ntera ndende ariko bikangiza cyane. Izi amplifiers zikoresha imiterere idasanzwe y'ikirahure gifite erbium kugira ngo zikomeze ibimenyetso by'urumuri mu miyoboro ya fiber optique, nk'uko byasobanuwe na Patel & O'Neil (2019).
Uburyo bwo kwinjiza indorerwamo za erbium ytterbium co-doped phosphate
Igice cya 3: Imikoreshereze ifatika ya Erbium Glass
Ikirahure cya ErbiumImikoreshereze ifatika yabyo iri mu nzego nyinshi zirimo, ariko ntizigarukira gusa ku itumanaho, inganda, n'ubuvuzi.
Impinduramatwara mu Itumanaho
Mu buryo bugoye bwo gutumanaho ku isi, ikirahure cya erbium ni ingenzi cyane. Ubuhanga bwacyo bwo kongera ubushobozi bugabanya igihombo cy'amakuru, bigatuma amakuru akwirakwizwa vuba kandi mu buryo bwagutse, bityo bigabanura amacakubiri ku isi no guteza imbere uburyo bwo guhuza amakuru mu buryo bwihuse.
Guteza imbere iterambere ry'ubuvuzi n'inganda
Ikirahure cya ErbiumIrenga itumanaho, ibona aho ihurira mu buvuzi no mu nganda. Mu buvuzi, iyobora neza imiyoboro ya laser yo kubaga, itanga ubundi buryo bwizewe kandi budahungabanya aho gukoresha uburyo busanzwe, ingingo yasuzumwe na Liu, Zhang, & Wei (2020). Mu nganda, ifasha cyane mu buhanga buhanitse bwo gukora, iteza imbere udushya mu nzego nk'indege n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
Umwanzuro: Ahazaza h'Umucyo Ubufasha bwatanzwe naIkirahure cya Erbium
Impinduka za Erbium glass kuva ku kintu cy’inyuma kugeza ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho zigaragaza ubuhanga bw’abantu. Uko tunyura mu mizingo mishya ya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa ry’ikirahure cya erbium risa n’aho ritagira imipaka, rigaragaza ahazaza aho ibitangaza by’uyu munsi ari nk’intambwe igana ku iterambere ritagereranywa ry’ejo hazaza (Gonzalez & Martin, 2021).
Amareferensi:
- Smith, J., & Doe, A. (2015). Ikirahure cya Erbium-Doped: Imiterere n'Ikoreshwa mu Ikoranabuhanga rya Laser. Ikinyamakuru cya Laser Sciences, 112(3), 456-479. doi:10.1086/JLS.2015.112.issue-3
- Johnson, KL, & Steward, R. (2018). Iterambere mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ubuhanga mu by'ifotoniki: Uruhare rw'ibintu bidasanzwe byo mu isi. Inyandiko z'ikoranabuhanga za photonikiki, 29(7), 605-613. doi:10.1109/PTL.2018.282339
- Patel, N., & O'Neil, D. (2019). Iterambere ry'amajwi mu itumanaho rigezweho: Udushya twa Fiber Optic. Ikinyamakuru cy'itumanaho, 47(2), 142-157. doi:10.7765/TJ.2019.47.2
- Liu, C., Zhang, L., & Wei, X. (2020). Uburyo bwo gukoresha ikirahure cya Erbium-Doped Glass mu buvuzi mu kubaga. Ikinyamakuru Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubumenyi bw’Ubuvuzi, 18 (4), 721-736. doi:10.1534/ijms.2020.18.issue-4
- Gonzalez, M., & Martin, L. (2021). Ibitekerezo by'ejo hazaza: Uburyo bwo kwagura imikorere y'ibirahure bya Erbium. Iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, 36(1), 89-102. doi:10.1456/STA.2021.36.issue-1
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Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Ukwakira 2023