Iyandikishe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacu kugira ngo ubone ubutumwa bwihuse
Mu by’ukuri, gupompa lazeri ni inzira yo guha imbaraga igikoresho kugira ngo kigere ku rwego rwo gutanga urumuri rwa lazeri. Ibi bikorwa mu buryo busanzwe hifashishijwe gushyira urumuri cyangwa umuriro w’amashanyarazi muri icyo cyuma, bigakurura atome zacyo bigatuma urumuri ruhuza. Iyi gahunda y’ibanze yateye imbere cyane kuva aho lazeri za mbere zitangiriye hagati mu kinyejana cya 20.
Nubwo akenshi bigaragazwa n'ibipimo by'umuvuduko, gupompa kwa laser ni inzira ya quantum mechanical. Bikubiyemo imikoranire igoye hagati ya fotoni n'imiterere ya atome cyangwa molekile y'uburyo bwo gukura. Modele zigezweho zitekereza ku bintu nka Rabi oscillations, bitanga ubumenyi burambuye kuri iyi mikoranire.
Gupompa hakoreshejwe laser ni inzira aho ingufu, ubusanzwe mu buryo bw'urumuri cyangwa amashanyarazi, zitangwa mu cyuma gitanga umusaruro wa laser kugira ngo kizamure atome cyangwa molekile zayo kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu. Uku guhererekanya ingufu ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku guhinduka kw'abaturage, aho ibice byinshi bishyuha kurusha uko bimeze mu rwego rwo hasi rw'ingufu, bigatuma icyo cyuma gishobora kongera urumuri binyuze mu gutanga umusaruro ushimishije. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo imikoranire ikomeye ya quantum, akenshi igaragazwa binyuze mu mibare y'igipimo cyangwa imiterere ya quantum mechanical iteye imbere. Ingingo z'ingenzi zirimo guhitamo aho pompe ituruka (nk'amatara ya laser cyangwa amatara yo gukuraho), imiterere ya pompe (gupompa ku ruhande cyangwa ku mpera), no kunoza imiterere y'urumuri rwa pompe (spectrum, intensity, beam quality, polarization) kugira ngo ihuze n'ibisabwa byihariye by'icyo cyuma gitanga umusaruro. Gupompa hakoreshejwe laser ni ingenzi mu bwoko butandukanye bwa laser, harimo solid-state, semiconductor, na gas laser, kandi ni ingenzi kugira ngo laser ikore neza kandi neza.
Ubwoko bwa Lasers zikoresha ikoranabuhanga
1. Lazeri zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zifite ibyuma bikingira umuriro bikozwe mu buryo bwa doped
· Incamake:Izi laser zikoresha amashanyarazi akingira ubushyuhe kandi zishingikiriza ku gupompa optique kugira ngo zishyire imbaraga kuri iyoni zikora kuri laser. Urugero rusanzwe ni neodymium muri laser za YAG.
·Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa:Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na A. Antipov n'abandi buvuga ku ikoreshwa rya laser hafi ya IR ikoreshwa mu gupompa optique ya spin-exchange. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser hafi ya IR, cyane cyane muri spectrum ya infrared, ikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa nko gufata amashusho mu buvuzi no mu itumanaho.
Ibisobanuro birambuye:Laser yo hafi ya IR ikoreshwa mu gupompa amazi hakoreshejwe spin-exchange optical pumping
2. Lazeri zikoresha semiconductor
·Amakuru Rusange: Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa n'amashanyarazi, laser za semiconductor zishobora kandi kungukirwa no gupompa optique, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bisaba urumuri rwinshi, nka Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Iterambere Riherutse: Akazi ka U. Keller ku byuma bipima frequency bya optique biva kuri ultrafast solid-state na semiconductor lasers gatanga ubumenyi ku ikorwa ry'ibyuma bipima frequency bya static biva kuri diode-pumped solid-state na semiconductor lasers. Iri terambere ni ingenzi ku ikoreshwa muri metrology y'ibyuma bipima frequency bya optique.
Ibisobanuro birambuye:Ibikoresho by'amajwi bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "optical frequency comb" bikozwe muri "ultra-fast solid-state" na "semiconductor lasers"
3. Lazeri ya Gazi
·Gupompa Amatara mu Itara rya Gazi: Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa Itara rya Gazi, nka Itara rya Alkali, bukoresha Itara rya Gazi. Izi Itara zikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba amasoko y'urumuri ahuye neza afite imiterere yihariye.
Inkomoko z'imashini zitanga amazi
Amatara yo gusohora umuriro: Ibisanzwe muri laser zikoreshwa n'amatara, amatara akoreshwa kubera imbaraga zayo nyinshi n'umuvuduko wayo wagutse. YA Mandryko n'abandi bakoze icyitegererezo cy'imbaraga zo gukora impulse arc discharge muri active media optical pumping xenon lamps za lasers solid-state. Iyi moderi ifasha kunoza imikorere y'amatara akoreshwa n'amatara, ni ingenzi cyane mu mikorere myiza ya laser.
Diode za Lazeri:Ikoreshwa muri lasers zikoresha diode, diode za laser zitanga ibyiza nko gukora neza cyane, ingano nto, no gushobora guhindurwa neza.
Ibisobanuro birambuye:diode ya laser ni iki?
Amatara y'urumuri: Amatara ya flash ni urumuri rukomeye kandi rufite spectrum nini rukoreshwa cyane mu gukurura laser za solid-state, nka laser za ruby cyangwa Nd:YAG. Atanga urumuri rwinshi rushimisha icyuma cya laser.
Amatara y'umurambararo: Kimwe n'amatara ya flash ariko yagenewe gukoreshwa buri gihe, amatara ya arc atanga isoko idahindagurika y'urumuri rwinshi. Akoreshwa mu bikorwa aho bisaba gukoresha laser ihoraho (CW).
LED (Diode zisohora urumuri)Nubwo bitakunze kugaragara nka diode za laser, LED zishobora gukoreshwa mu gupompa urumuri mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe bifite ingufu nke. Ni ingirakamaro kubera ko zimara igihe kirekire, zihendutse, kandi ziboneka mu buryo butandukanye bw'uburebure bw'urumuri.
Umucyo w'izuba: Mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bwo kugerageza, imirasire y'izuba yakoreshejwe nk'isoko y'ipompe ya lasers zikoreshwa n'izuba. Ubu buryo bukoresha ingufu z'izuba, bigatuma ziba isoko ishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi ihendutse, nubwo idagenzurwa cyane kandi idakomeye ugereranyije n'amatara y'ubukorano.
Diode za laser zifatanye na fibre: Izi ni diode za laser zihujwe n'imigozi y'urumuri, zitanga urumuri rwa pompe neza ku buryo bwa laser. Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane muri fibre laser no mu bihe aho gutanga urumuri rwa pompe neza ari ingenzi.
Izindi Lazeri: Hari igihe laser imwe ikoreshwa mu kupompa indi. Urugero, laser ya Nd: YAG ifite frequency-double Nd: ishobora gukoreshwa mu kupompa laser ya dye. Ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa iyo hakenewe uburebure bwihariye bw'urumuri mu gikorwa cyo kupompa kitagerwaho byoroshye hakoreshejwe amasoko asanzwe y'urumuri.
Laser ya solid-state ikoreshwa na diode
Isoko y'ingufu z'ibanze: Igikorwa gitangirana na laser ya diode, ikaba ari yo soko y'ipompo. Laser za diode zitoranywa bitewe n'ubushobozi bwazo, ingano nto, n'ubushobozi bwo gutanga urumuri ku bunini bw'urumuri runaka.
Itara rya pompe:Lezeri ya diode itanga urumuri rwinjizwa n'uburyo bwo gukuraho ibintu bwa solid-state. Ubunini bw'uburebure bwa lezeri ya diode bukozwe kugira ngo buhuze n'imiterere y'uburyo bwo gukuraho ibintu bwa gain medium.
Leta IhamyeInyungu Iciriritse
Ibikoresho:Uburyo bwo gukura muri laser za DPSS ubusanzwe ni ibikoresho bya solid-state nka Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), cyangwa Yb:YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet).
Gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibiyobyabwenge:Ibi bikoresho bigizwe na iyoni zidasanzwe (nka Nd cyangwa Yb), ari zo iyoni zikora za laser.
Gukurura no Gukurura Ingufu:Iyo urumuri rwa pompe ruturuka kuri laser ya diode rwinjiye muri gain medium, iyoni za rare-earth zifata izi ngufu maze zigashishikazwa no kugira ingufu nyinshi.
Guhindura imiterere y'abaturage
Kugera ku ihinduka ry'abaturage:Icy'ingenzi mu bikorwa bya laser ni ukugera ku guhindagurika kw'abaturage mu buryo bwo kwiyongera kw'ingufu. Ibi bivuze ko ioni nyinshi ziba ziri mu buryo bwo gushyuha kurusha izo ziri mu butaka.
Imyuka iva mu mubiri itera:Iyo umubare w’abantu umaze kugerwaho, gushyiramo fotoni ijyanye n’itandukaniro ry’ingufu hagati y’imiterere y’ibintu byashyushye n’ibiri ku butaka bishobora gutuma iyoni zashyushye zigaruka ku butaka, bigatanga fotoni muri urwo rugendo.
Resonateri y'urumuri
Indorerwamo: Agace k'ubushyuhe gashyirwa mu cyuma gitanga urumuri, gikunze kuba kigizwe n'indorerwamo ebyiri kuri buri mpera y'icyo cyuma.
Gusubiza no Kwagura: Imwe mu ndorerwamo iragaragaza cyane, indi iragaragaza igice. Fotoni zisubira inyuma hagati y'izo ndorerwamo, zigatera imbaraga nyinshi kandi zikongera urumuri.
Ibyuka biva muri laser
Umucyo Uhuza: Fotoni zisohoka zirahuza, bivuze ko ziri mu cyiciro kandi zifite uburebure bw'umurambararo bumwe.
Umusaruro: Indorerwamo igarura urumuri igice ituma rumwe muri urwo rumuri runyuramo, rugakora urumuri rwa laser rusohoka muri laser ya DPSS.
Ibyerekezo byo gupompa: Gupompa ku ruhande ugereranije no gupompa ku mpera
| Uburyo bwo kupompa | Ibisobanuro | Porogaramu | Ibyiza | Imbogamizi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pompe yo ku ruhande | Itara rya pompe ryashyizwe ku ruhande rw'icyuma gikoresha laser | Imashini zikoresha indodo cyangwa fibre laser | Itara rya pompe rikwirakwizwa rimwe, rikwiriye gukoreshwa mu ngufu nyinshi | Kugabana kw'ingufu kutari kumwe, ubwiza bw'urumuri buke |
| Gusoza Pompe | Itara rya pompe riyobowe ku murongo umwe n'umuraba wa laser | Imashini za laser zikoresha imiterere ikomeye nka Nd:YAG | Gukwirakwiza inyungu mu buryo bumwe, ubwiza bw'imirasire buri hejuru | Guhuza ibintu mu buryo bugoye, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo budakora neza muri laser zifite imbaraga nyinshi |
Ibisabwa kugira ngo ubone urumuri rwiza rw'amapompo
| Ibisabwa | Akamaro | Ingaruka/Uburinganire | Inyandiko z'inyongera |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uburyo bwo gukoresha spectrum | Uburebure bw'umuraba bugomba guhuza n'uburyo bwo kwinjiza urumuri bw'icyuma cya laser | Bituma abantu babasha kwakira neza kandi bigahindura umubare w'abantu | - |
| Ubukana | Igomba kuba iri hejuru bihagije kugira ngo igere ku rwego rwo gushyuha rwifuzwa | Ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane bushobora kwangiza ubushyuhe; ubushyuhe buke cyane ntibutuma umubare w'abantu wiyongera | - |
| Ubwiza bw'umurabyo | By'ingenzi cyane muri lasers zikozwe mu buryo bwa end-pomped | Bituma habaho guhuza neza kandi bigafasha mu gutuma imirasire ya laser isohoka neza. | Ubwiza bw'urumuri rwo hejuru ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo urumuri rwa pompe n'ingano ya laser bihuzwe neza. |
| Polarization | Birakenewe ku byuma bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibintu bishya | Yongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ibintu mu mubiri kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku gutandukanya urumuri rwa laser | Imiterere yihariye ya polarisation ishobora kuba ngombwa |
| Urusaku rw'ubukana | Urusaku ruto ni ingenzi cyane | Ihindagurika ry'ubukana bw'urumuri rwa pompe rishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwiza n'ubudahinduka bw'urumuri rwa laser | Ni ingenzi ku bikorwa bisaba gutuza no gukora neza cyane |
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2023