Kwiyandikisha Mubitangazamakuru Byacu Kubyihuta
Muri rusange, kuvoma lazeri ni inzira yo guha ingufu uburyo bwo kugera kuri leta ishobora gusohora urumuri rwa laser. Ibi mubisanzwe bikorwa mugutera urumuri cyangwa amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi, bigashimisha atome zayo kandi biganisha kumurabyo uhuza. Iyi gahunda yifatizo yagiye ihinduka cyane kuva lazeri ya mbere yatangira hagati yikinyejana cya 20.
Mugihe gikunze kugereranywa nigipimo cyibipimo, kuvoma lazeri ni muburyo bwa kwantimatike. Harimo imikoranire itoroshye hagati ya fotone nuburyo bwa atome cyangwa molekulari yuburyo bwo kunguka. Moderi yateye imbere isuzuma ibintu nka Rabi ihindagurika, itanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeye imikoranire.
Kuvoma Laser ni inzira aho ingufu, mubisanzwe muburyo bwumucyo cyangwa amashanyarazi, zitangwa muburyo bwo kwunguka laser kugirango izamure atome cyangwa molekile zayo murwego rwo hejuru. Ihererekanyabubasha ningirakamaro kugirango abantu bagere ku ihindagurika ry’abaturage, leta aho usanga uduce twinshi twishimira kuruta uko imbaraga nkeya ziri, bigatuma uburyo bwo kongera urumuri binyuze mu myuka ihumanya ikirere. Inzira ikubiyemo kwuzuzanya kwinshi, akenshi bigereranywa no kugereranya ibipimo cyangwa byinshi bya kwantanike yububiko. Ibyingenzi byingenzi birimo guhitamo isoko ya pompe (nka laser diode cyangwa amatara yo gusohora), pompe geometrie (kuvoma kuruhande cyangwa kurangiza), hamwe no gutezimbere ibiranga urumuri rwa pompe (spekure, ubukana, ubwiza bwibiti, polarisiyasi) kugirango bihuze nibisabwa byihariye bya kunguka. Kuvoma Laser nibyingenzi muburyo butandukanye bwa laser, harimo imiterere-ikomeye, semiconductor, na gaze ya gaze, kandi ni ngombwa kugirango lazeri ikore neza kandi neza.
Ubwoko bwa Amashanyarazi meza
1. Lazeri-ikomeye ya Laser hamwe na Doped Insulator
· Incamake:Izi lazeri zikoresha amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi kandi zishingiye kuri pompe optique kugirango zongere ingufu ion zikoresha. Urugero rusanzwe ni neodymium muri YAG laseri.
·Ubushakashatsi buherutse:Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na A. Antipov n'abandi. iganira kuri leta-ikomeye hafi ya IR laser yo guhinduranya-kuvoma optique. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza iterambere mu buhanga bukomeye bwa lazeri, cyane cyane hafi ya-infrarafarike, ni ingenzi cyane mubisabwa nko gufata amashusho yubuvuzi n'itumanaho.
Ibindi Gusoma:Igikoresho gikomeye-hafi ya IR Laser ya Spin-Guhana Optical Pomping
2. Laser ya Semiconductor
·Amakuru Rusange: Mubisanzwe pompe yamashanyarazi, lazeri ya semiconductor irashobora kandi kungukirwa no kuvoma neza, cyane cyane mubisabwa bisaba umucyo mwinshi, nka Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Iterambere rya vuba: Igikorwa cya U. Keller kuri optique yumurongo wa optique kuva ultrafast ikomeye-imeze na semiconductor lazeri itanga ubushishozi kubyerekeranye nibisekuru bihoraho biva muri diode-pompe ikomeye-leta na semiconductor. Iri terambere ningirakamaro kubisabwa muri optique ya metero ya optique.
Ibindi Gusoma:Optical frequency combs kuva ultrafast ikomeye-imiterere na semiconductor laseri
3. Lazeri
·Kuvoma neza muri Laser ya Gaz: Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwa gaze ya gaze, nka alkali vapor laseri, ikoresha pompe optique. Izi lazeri zikoreshwa kenshi mubisabwa bisaba urumuri rwumucyo hamwe nibintu byihariye.
Inkomoko yo kuvoma neza
Gusohora amatara: Bikunze gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yamashanyarazi, amatara yo gusohora akoreshwa mumbaraga zabo nini kandi mugari. YA Mandryko n'abandi. yateje imbere moderi yingufu za impulse arc isohoka mubitangazamakuru bikora optique kuvoma amatara ya xenon yamatara akomeye. Iyi moderi ifasha guhindura imikorere yamatara ya pompe, byingenzi mugukora neza.
Laser Diode:Ikoreshwa muri diode-pompe ya laseri, diode ya laser itanga ibyiza nkibikorwa byiza cyane, ingano yoroheje, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutondekwa neza.
Ibindi bisomwa:diode ni iki?
Amatara. Zitanga urumuri rwinshi rwumucyo ushimisha laser.
Amatara ya Arc: Bisa n'amatara ya flash ariko yagenewe gukora ubudahwema, amatara ya arc atanga isoko ihamye yumucyo mwinshi. Zikoreshwa mubisabwa aho ibikorwa bya laser bikomeza (CW).
LEDs (Diode Yumucyo): Mugihe bitamenyerewe nka diode ya laser, LED irashobora gukoreshwa mugupompa optique mumashanyarazi amwe make. Nibyiza kubera ubuzima bwabo burebure, igiciro gito, no kuboneka muburebure butandukanye.
Imirasire y'izuba: Mubice bimwe byubushakashatsi, urumuri rwizuba rwakoreshejwe nkisoko ya pompe ya lazeri ikomoka ku zuba. Ubu buryo bukoresha ingufu z'izuba, bukabigira isoko ishobora kuvugururwa kandi ikoresha amafaranga menshi, nubwo idashobora kugenzurwa kandi ntigabanuke cyane ugereranije n’amasoko y’umucyo.
Fibre-Ifatanije na Laser Diode: Izi ni diode ya laser ihujwe na fibre optique, itanga urumuri rwa pompe neza muburyo bwa laser. Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro cyane muri fibre ya fibre no mubihe aho gutanga neza pompe ari ngombwa.
Izindi Laser: Rimwe na rimwe, lazeri imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvoma indi. Kurugero, inshuro ebyiri-Nd: laser ya YAG irashobora gukoreshwa mu kuvoma lazeri. Ubu buryo bukoreshwa kenshi mugihe uburebure bwihariye bwumurongo busabwa mugikorwa cyo kuvoma bitagerwaho byoroshye hamwe numucyo usanzwe.
Diode-pompe ikomeye-ya laser
Inkomoko Yambere Yingufu: Inzira itangirana na diode laser, ikora nkisoko ya pompe. Lazeri ya diode yatoranijwe kugirango ikore neza, ingano yuzuye, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gusohora urumuri ku burebure bwihariye.
Itara rya pompe:Lazeri ya diode isohora urumuri rwinjizwa nuburyo bukomeye bwunguka. Uburebure bwumurambararo wa diode lazeri ihujwe no guhuza imiterere yo kwinjiza ibintu byunguka.
Igihugu gikomeyeWunguke Hagati
Ibikoresho:Inyungu ziciriritse muri laseri ya DPSS mubusanzwe ni ibintu bikomeye-nka Nd: YAG (Neodymium-Yoprium Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), Nd: YVO4 (Neodymium-Yoprium Ytrium Orthovanadate), cyangwa Yb: YAG (Ytterbium-Yoprium Yumubyimba).
Doping:Ibi bikoresho byapimwe hamwe na ion-yisi idasanzwe (nka Nd cyangwa Yb), arizo laser ikora.
Gukuramo ingufu no kwishima:Iyo urumuri rwa pompe ruva kuri lazeri ya diode rwinjiye muburyo bwo kunguka, ion zidasanzwe-isi zikurura izo mbaraga kandi zigashimishwa nimbaraga zo hejuru.
Guhindura abaturage
Kugera ku Guhinduranya kw'Abaturage:Urufunguzo rwibikorwa bya laser ni ukugera kubaturage bahindagurika muburyo bwo kunguka. Ibi bivuze ko ion nyinshi ziri muburyo bushimishije kuruta mubutaka.
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere:Iyo ihindagurika ry’abaturage rimaze kugerwaho, ishyirwaho rya foton ijyanye n’itandukaniro ry’ingufu hagati y’ibihugu byishimye n’ubutaka birashobora gukangurira ion zishimye gusubira mu butaka, zisohora fotone muri icyo gikorwa.
Amashanyarazi meza
Indorerwamo: Icyunguka gishyirwa imbere muri optique ya resonator, mubisanzwe ikorwa nindorerwamo ebyiri kuri buri mpera yikigereranyo.
Ibitekerezo hamwe na Amplification: Imwe mu ndorerwamo iragaragaza cyane, naho indi iragaragaza igice. Fotone isubira inyuma hagati yindorerwamo, itera imyuka myinshi kandi ikongerera urumuri.
Ibyuka bihumanya
Umucyo uhuje: Fotone yasohotse irahuza, bivuze ko iri mubice kandi ifite uburebure bumwe.
Ibisohoka: Indorerwamo yerekana igice ituma urumuri rumwe runyura, rukora urumuri rwa laser rusohoka lazeri ya DPSS.
Kuvoma Geometrie: Kuruhande na Pomping ya nyuma
| Uburyo bwo kuvoma | Ibisobanuro | Porogaramu | Ibyiza | Inzitizi |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuvoma kuruhande | Itara rya pompe ryerekanwe perpendicular kuri laser medium | Inkoni cyangwa fibre | Gukwirakwiza icyarimwe urumuri rwa pompe, rukwiranye nimbaraga nyinshi zikoreshwa | Inyungu zidasanzwe zo gukwirakwiza, ubuziranenge bwibiti |
| Kurangiza | Pompe itara yerekeza kumurongo umwe na laser beam | Lazeri-ikomeye cyane nka Nd: YAG | Gukwirakwiza inyungu imwe, ubuziranenge bwibiti | Guhuza bigoye, ubushyuhe buke butagabanijwe mumashanyarazi menshi |
Ibisabwa kugirango urumuri rwa pompe rukore neza
| Ibisabwa | Akamaro | Ingaruka / Kuringaniza | Inyandiko z'inyongera |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ikirangantego | Uburebure bugomba guhuza uburyo bwo kwinjiza ibintu bya laser | Iremeza kwinjiza neza no guhinduranya neza kwabaturage | - |
| Ubukomezi | Ugomba kuba muremure bihagije kurwego rwo kwishima | Imbaraga nyinshi cyane zirashobora kwangiza ubushyuhe; hasi cyane ntabwo bizagera kubaturage | - |
| Ubwiza bw'igiti | By'umwihariko kunegura muri pompe zanyuma | Iremeza guhuza neza kandi ikagira uruhare mu gusohora ubuziranenge bwa laser | Ubwiza buhanitse ni ngombwa kugirango habeho guhuza neza urumuri rwa pompe nubunini bwa laser |
| Ihindagurika | Birakenewe kubitangazamakuru bifite imiterere ya anisotropic | Itezimbere uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza kandi irashobora kugira ingaruka kumatara ya laser yoherejwe | Imiterere yihariye ya polarisiyasi irashobora kuba nkenerwa |
| Urusaku rwinshi | Urusaku ruke ni ngombwa | Imihindagurikire yumucyo wa pompe irashobora kugira ingaruka kuri laser isohoka ubuziranenge no gutuza | Ningirakamaro kubisabwa bisaba gutuza cyane kandi neza |
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-01-2023