Amakuru - Akamaro k'ingamba za Laser mu bijyanye no kwirwanaho

Iyandikishe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga zacu kugira ngo ubone ubutumwa bwihuse

Imashini zikoresha imirasire ya lazeri zabaye ingenzi mu bikorwa byo kwirwanaho, zitanga ubushobozi budasanzwe intwaro gakondo zidashobora guhura nabwo. Iyi blog irasuzuma akamaro ka laser mu kwirwanaho, igaragaza uburyo zikoresha mu buryo butandukanye, uburyo zikora neza, ndetse n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryatumye ziba inkingi y'ingenzi mu ngamba za gisirikare zigezweho.

Intangiriro

Itangira ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser ryahinduye ibintu byinshi, harimo itumanaho, ubuvuzi, cyane cyane ubwugarizi. Laser, ifite imiterere yihariye yo guhuza, kuba imwe, n'imbaraga nyinshi, yafunguye urwego rushya mu bushobozi bwa gisirikare, itanga ubuhanga buhanitse, buhishe, kandi bufite akamaro kanini mu ntambara za none no mu ngamba zo kwirwanaho.

Uburyo bwo gukora neza no gukoresha neza

Imbunda za laser zizwiho kuba zifite ubuhanga n'ubuhanga. Ubushobozi bwazo bwo kwibanda ku ntego ntoya ziri kure butuma ziba ngombwa cyane mu bikorwa nko kumenya aho zigomba gufatirwa no kuyobora ibisasu bya misile. Sisitemu zo kurasa hakoreshejwe laser zifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru zituma imbunda zitangwa neza, bigabanya cyane ibyangiritse kandi bikongera igipimo cyo gutsinda mu butumwa (Ahmed, Mohsin, & Ali, 2020).

Guhinduranya Uburyo Ikoranabuhanga Muri Interineti

Kuba laser zihuzwa n’uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzikoresha — kuva ku bikoresho bifatwa mu ntoki kugeza ku bikoresho binini bishyirwa ku modoka — bigaragaza uburyo zikoresha uburyo butandukanye. Laser zashyizwe mu bikoresho byo ku butaka, mu mazi no mu kirere, zikora imirimo myinshi irimo ubutasi, gushaka intwaro, n’ingufu zitaziguye mu bikorwa byo gutera no kwirwanaho. Ingano yazo nto n’ubushobozi bwo guhindurwa kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu buryo bwihariye bituma laser iba amahitamo yoroshye yo gukoresha mu bikorwa byo kwirwanaho (Bernatskyi & Sokolovskyi, 2022).

Itumanaho n'igenzura byongerewe

Sisitemu z'itumanaho zikoresha laser zitanga uburyo bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo kohereza amakuru, ingenzi mu bikorwa bya gisirikare. Amahirwe make yo gufata no kubona itumanaho rya laser atuma habaho ihererekanya ry’amakuru mu buryo bwizewe kandi mu buryo nyabwo hagati y’ibice, bikongera ubumenyi n’imikoranire. Byongeye kandi, laser zigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura no kugenzura, zitanga amashusho meza yo gukusanya amakuru nta kuyamenya (Liu et al., 2020).

Intwaro zikoresha ingufu ziyobowe

Ahari uburyo buhambaye bwo gukoresha laser mu kwirwanaho ni intwaro zikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ingufu ziyobowe (DEWs). Laser zishobora gutanga ingufu nyinshi ku ntego kugira ngo zangirike cyangwa zisenye, bigatuma zishobora gusasa neza nta ngaruka mbi nyinshi. Iterambere rya sisitemu za laser zikoresha ingufu nyinshi zo kurinda misile, gusenya indege zitagira abapilote, no gufunga imodoka bigaragaza ubushobozi bwa laser bwo guhindura imiterere y’intambara za gisirikare. Izi sisitemu zitanga inyungu zikomeye ugereranyije n’intwaro gakondo, harimo umuvuduko wo gutanga urumuri, ikiguzi gito cyo kurasa, n’ubushobozi bwo kurasa intego nyinshi mu buryo bunonosoye cyane (Zediker, 2022).

Mu bikorwa byo kwirwanaho, ubwoko butandukanye bwa laser bukoreshwa, buri bwoko bukora imirimo itandukanye bitewe n'imiterere n'ubushobozi bwabwo bwihariye. Dore bumwe mu bwoko bwa laser bukoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa byo kwirwanaho:

Ubwoko bwa Laser bukoreshwa mu rugamba rwo kwirwanaho

Lazeri za Leta Ihamye (SSL): Izi laser zikoresha uburyo bwo gukuraho ibintu bikomeye, nk'ibirahure cyangwa ibikoresho bya kristu birimo ibintu by'ubutaka bidasanzwe. SSL zikoreshwa cyane mu ntwaro za laser zifite ingufu nyinshi bitewe n'imbaraga zazo nyinshi, ubushobozi bwazo, n'ubwiza bwazo. Zirimo kugeragezwa no gushyirwa mu bikorwa byo kurinda misile, gusenya indege zitagira abapilote, n'izindi ntwaro zikoresha ingufu zitaziguye (Hecht, 2019).

Fiber Lazer: Fiber laser ikoresha fibre optique nk'uburyo bwo gukuramo ibintu, itanga inyungu mu bijyanye no koroha, ubwiza bw'imirasire, no gukora neza. Irakurura cyane cyane mu kwirwanaho bitewe n'ubuto bwayo, kwizera, no koroshya gucunga ubushyuhe. Fiber laser ikoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye bya gisirikare, harimo intwaro zikoresha ingufu nyinshi, uburyo bwo kumenya intego, n'uburyo bwo kurwanya (Lazov, Teirumnieks, & Ghalot, 2021).

Lazeri z'ibinyabutabire: Lazeri za chimique zitanga urumuri rwa lazeri binyuze mu bikorwa bya chimique. Imwe muri lazeri za chimique zizwi cyane mu kwirwanaho ni Lazeri ya Chemical Oxygen Iodine (COIL), ikoreshwa muri sisitemu ya lazeri yo mu kirere mu kurinda ibisasu bya misile. Izi lazeri zishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane kandi zikagira akamaro mu ntera ndende (Ahmed, Mohsin, & Ali, 2020).

Lazeri zikoresha semiconductor:Izi kandi zizwi nka diode za laser, ni lazeri nto kandi zikora neza zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kuva ku bikoresho byo gushakisha no gushushanya intego kugeza ku bikoresho byo kurwanya infrared n'amasoko ya pompe ku zindi sisitemu za laser. Ubunini bwazo n'ubushobozi bwazo bituma zikoreshwa mu buryo bwo kwirinda bushobora kwimurwa no gushyirwa mu modoka (Neukum et al., 2022).

Laser zisohora ubuso zihagaze (VCSELs): VCSEL zitanga urumuri rwa laser rugororotse ku buso bwa wafer yakozwe kandi zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba ingufu nke n'ibintu bito, nk'uburyo bw'itumanaho na sensors zo kwirwanaho (Arafin & Jung, 2019).

Ibyuma by'ubururu bya Lazeri:Ikoranabuhanga rya laser y'ubururu ririmo gusuzumwa mu bijyanye no kwirwanaho bitewe n'imiterere yaryo yoroshye yo kwinjiza ibintu, ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya ingufu za laser zisabwa ku ntego. Ibi bituma laser y'ubururu ishobora kuba iy'abakandida bo kwirinda indege zitagira abapilote no kurinda misile za hypersonic, bigatanga amahirwe yo gukora sisitemu nto kandi zoroshye kandi zifite umusaruro mwiza (Zediker, 2022).

Indangamuntu

Ahmed, SM, Mohsin, M., & Ali, SMZ (2020). Ubushakashatsi n'isesengura ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser n'uburyo ikoreshwa mu kurinda. Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Ubwugarizi.
Bernatskyi, A., & Sokolovskyi, M. (2022). Amateka y'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser rya gisirikare mu bikorwa bya gisirikare. Amateka ya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga.
Liu, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, B., Wang, G., Zhou, Q., & Hu, H. (2020). Gukoresha filime ntoya ifite amanota mu bikoresho byo gutera no kwirwanaho hakoreshejwe laser. Ikinyamakuru cya Fiziki: Urukurikirane rw'inama.
Zediker, M. (2022). Ikoranabuhanga rya laser y'ubururu rikoreshwa mu kwirwanaho.
Arafin, S., & Jung, H. (2019). Iterambere riherutse kugerwaho kuri VCSEL zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha GaSb ku burebure bw'umurambararo buri hejuru ya 4 μm.
Hecht, J. (2019). Urukurikirane rwa "Star Wars"? Urusaku rw'ingufu ziyobowe ku ntwaro zo mu kirere. Ikinyamakuru cy'abahanga mu bya Atomiki.
Lazov, L., Teirumnieks, E., & Ghalot, RS (2021). Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya laser mu gisirikare.
Neum, J., Friedmann, P., Hilzensauer, S., Rapp, D., Kissel, H., Gilly, J., & Kelemen, M. (2022). Lazeri ya diode ya Multi-watt (AlGaIn) (AsSb) iri hagati ya 1.9μm na 2.3μm.